Kwisibhengezo esibalulekileyo ngokuhlwa sika-Okthobha 3, 2023, i-Nobel ibhaso kwifiziksi kunyaka wama-2023 yayingatyhilelwanga, eqondile iminikelo ebalaseleyo yeenzululwazi ezihamba ngeyona teksi ye-astosecond.

Ibinzana elithi "i-atosecond" liphuma kwigama layo eliqaqambileyo elisebenza ngalo, ngokukodwa ngokomyalelo we-atosecond, ehambelana ne-10 ^ -18 imizuzwana. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwale teknoloji, ukuqondwa okusisiseko koko i-attosecond iphawula ibaluleke kakhulu. I-aptosecond imele njengeyunithi yexesha elininzi, ibonisa i-billion ye-billion yenqanaba lesibini ngaphakathi komgangatho obanzi womzuzwana omnye. Ukuyibeka le njongo, ukuba besinokufaneleka kwi-ove yesibini kwintaba, i-atitond yayiya kuba i-akin yokutya okuziinkozo ezili-sand ehlelwe kwisiseko sentaba. Kule nto ixesha lokuphumla lexeshana, kude kukhanye lingaphambuka ngokulinganayo kumgama olingana neatom nganye. Ngokusetyenziswa kwee-asers ze-ATTONCON, izazinzulu zifumana amandla angazange akhe abuyele kwi-elektronis ze-elektroni ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zeatom, nge-Akin ukuya kwi-Akin Systere-Sport-Shemu, ngaloo ndlela enza i-cinetic.

I-ATTOSECON I-Lasersbamele ukupheliswa kophando olubanzi kunye neenzame ezihlanganisiweyo zezazinzulu, abaye bazincama imigaqo-siseko ye-onrafli ye-forrainde. I-ADPT yabo inike i-US ngendawo entsha yendawo yokujonga kunye nokuhlola kweenkqubo eziguqukayo zitsala ngaphakathi kweeatom, iimolekyuli, kunye nee-electroni kwizixhobo eziqinileyo.

Ukukhupha ubume bezinto ze-atosecond kwaye uzixabise iimpawu zabo ezingaqhelekanga xa kuthelekiswa neendlela eziqhelekileyo, kunyanzelekile ukuba kuhlolwe uluhlu lwabo lwe-"rser. " Ukwahlulahlulwa kwe-waveglength ibekwe kwi-Asers i-asers ikakhulu kwi-iltravioles kwi-rays frequency ye-X-ray frequency, echaza amaza amafutshane awongangamileyo ngokuchaseneyo. Ngokwendlela yokukhupha, ii-aosers ze-ATTONON ziwela phantsi kodidi lweendlela ezidliwayo, zibonakaliswa ziimeko zabo ezimfutshane. Ukuzoba i-analogy yokucaca, umntu unokucingela ukuba aqhubekeke-i-akin ukuya kwi-flashlight ekhupha ukukhanya okuqhubekayo, ngelixa i-lasersers ifana nokukhanya kwethamsanqa kunye nobumnyama ngokukhawuleza. Eyona nto iphambili, i-aptosecond ibonisa indlela yokudumisa ngaphakathi kokukhanyisela nobumnyama, kodwa utshintsho lwazo phakathi kwamazwe amabini ahamba ngesantya esincinci, efikelela kwi-astoseconds.

Ukuqhubeka kwehlelo ngamandla ebeka i-laprs ukuya kumandla asezantsi, amandla aphakathi, kunye nezibiyeli eziphezulu zamandla. I-Attosecond Lasers ifikelela kumandla aphezulu encopho ngenxa yeentsilelo zazo ezimfutshane kakhulu, ezikhokelela kwi-Peak ebizwe (P) -ichaze njengokuqina kwamandla kwixesha ngalinye (P = w / t). Nangona i-arseckond ye-ittosencond ye-aser isenokungabi namandla amakhulu (W), i-W), i-TRE efinyezwe okwethutyana (t) iwadlulisela ngamandla encopho.

Ngokwemimandla yokufaka isicelo, i-lakers i-spectrum eqokelela imizi mveliso, ezonyango, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesayensi. Ngokuyintloko bafumana i-niche kwi-niche kwi-NOPERORM kuphando lwezesayensi, ngakumbi ekuhloleni ngokukhawuleza kwi-Dhenomena ngaphakathi kwe-Dhenomena ngaphakathi kwe-Dhenomena ngaphakathi kweMimandla ye-physics kunye nee-microcosmic ze-microcosmic lemicrososmic yehlabathi.

Ukwahlulahlulwa kwe-larrium Merium Prineates i-lasers njengei-layrs zerhasi, iinyanga eziqinileyo-zikarhulumente, i-Lasers engamanzi, kunye ne-Semiconductor Lasers. Isizukulwane sabemi base-Attosecond siqhele i-hinges kwi-laser ye-laser yerhasi, i-capital kwifuthe lokwakhiwa kwe-nonilical kwi-enger ephezulu.

Ngokungqinelana, ii-asers ze-ontosencond zenza udidi olukhethekileyo lweendlela ezinqabileyo ze-pulse, ezipapashwa yi-pulations yazo ebukhali, ziqhele ukulinganiswa kwi-attosecond. Ngenxa yoko, babaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zokujonga nokulawula iinkqubo ze-onrais eziguqukayo kwii-elektroni ngaphakathi kweeatom, iimolekyuli, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo.

Inkqubo ecacileyo ye-astosecond sell

Iteknoloji yase-Attosecond imele ngaphambili kobuchule bozenzululwazi, ukuqhayisa ngeemeko ezingqongqo zemeko yesizukulwana sayo. Ukukhupha ubuninzi be-astosecond ye-Astosencond, siqala ngokuchaza ngemigaqo-nkqubo yalo eqinisekileyo, elandelwa ngabazenziweyo ngokucacileyo kumava emihla ngemihla. Abafundi abangazange baphinde babekho kwi-intristaki yefiziki efanelekileyo akufuneki ukuba baphelelwe lithemba, njengoko ii-mefaokheli ezichazayo zijolise ekunikezeleni i-APRSECKS ye-ATTOSECHONONT.

Inkqubo yokukhutshelwa kwee-aptosecond ngokuyintloko ixhomekeke kwi-GRAIIquique eyaziwa ngokuba yi-vills ephezulu yokulinganisa (HHG). Okokuqala, i-beam ye-feld yokuqina kakhulu (10 ^ -15 imizuzwana) i-laser ijolise ngokuqinileyo kwinto ekujoliswe kuyo. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-FebtoseCond Lairs, i-Akin kwii-asers ze-attosencond, zabelana ngeempawu zokomelela okufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu encopho. Phantsi kwempembelelo yentsimi ye-laser eqatha, ii-elektroni ngaphakathi kwee-atom zegesi zikhululwe okwethutyana kwi-nuclei ye-atomic, ingena kwilizwe le-elektroniki. Njengoko ezi ze-elektroni i-olscillate ukuphendula kwintsimi yase-laser, ekugqibeleni baya kubuyela kwaye babuyele kwakhona kwi-Atomic ye-atomic bazali, eyenza amandla amancinci aphezulu.

Ngeli xesha le nkqubo, i-elektroni ihamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kwaye emva kokubuyiselwa kwe-atomic nuclei, bakhupha amandla ongezelelweyo ngohlobo oluphezulu ngokulinganayo, ukubonakalisa iifoto zamandla aphezulu.

Iifoto zamandla asandul 'ukuvelisa eziphezulu ziyinto yokuphinda-phinda i-laser yentsalela, yenziwa yintoni i-godd-of i-ands, apho "i-thermonics" ichaza ubushushu obuphindaphindiweyo. Ukufumana ii-asers ze-ATTONONS, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuhluzile kwaye kugxile kwezi zinto ziphezulu, ukukhetha i-hasmonics ethile kwaye ubachaphazele kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo. Ukuba ifunwa, iindlela zokucinezelwa ziphinde ziphindezele ngakumbi i-pulse, ivelise iipuzzle ze-ultra-putses kwi-attosecond. Kuyabonakala ukuba, isizukulwane sabemi beAtosecond siqhuba inkqubo enobunkunkqele kwaye bafuna inqanaba eliphezulu lobugcisa kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Ukuhlolisisa le nkqubo inzima, sinikezela nge-mefaprorical efakwe kwibala lemihla ngemihla:

I-phritosecond ephezulu ye-feldtoseccond:

Ukunxibelelana nokuba neCamApa enamandla anamandla okukhumbula amatye aqingqiweyo ngokukhawuleza kwizantya ze-colossal, i-Akin kwindima edlalwa yi-fertosecond ye-fertoseccond ephezulu.

I-GASOO YOBUGCISA:

Khawube nomfanekiso ngqondweni womzimba wamanzi omzolekisi ofanekisela izinto ekujoliswe kuzo zegesi, apho i-roplet nganye yamanzi imele iiathom zegesi. Isenzo sokushicilela amatye kulo mzimba wezibuko ze-analoustis ngokufanelekileyo ifuthe le-FebloseCond ephezulu ye-fertosecond ihla kwi-gesious subles.

I-Electron Motion kwaye iphinde ibuyele (iNguqu ngokomzimba it

Xa i-festosecond idlala ifuthe le-atom yegesi ngaphakathi kwempahla ekujolise kuyo igesi, inani elikhulu le-elektroniki linemincili kwi-numotic nucleic nuclei e-atomic, eyenza i-plasma-njengelizwe elifana neplasma. Njengoko amandla enkqubo emva koko ayancipha (kuba i-laser ye-itsesses itsalwa ngokwemvelo), ezi zixhobo ze-elektroniki zibuyela kwindawo yazo ye-atomic nuclei, ukukhulula iifoto zamandla aphezulu.

Isizukulwana esiphakamileyo?

Khawufane ucinge nje ngalo lonke ixesha i-quater yamanzi iwela kumphezulu wechibi, idala i-ripples, njengabalingane kakhulu kwi-aptosecond. Ezi ripples zinezantya eziphakamileyo kunye nee-amplitols kuneziqwengana zentsusa ezibangelwa yi-feetosecond ye-feetond yase-phytond. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-HHG, i-laser enamandla ye-laser, i-akin yokuphosa amatye, ikhanyisa ithagethi yegesi, ifana nendawo yokuhlala. Le ntsimi eqatha i-laser ye-leser ye-elektroniki kwigesi, i-analogous ukuya kwi-ripples, kude neatom yomzali kwaye emva koko ibuyele. Qho xa i-elektroni ibuyela kwiatom, ikhupha i-laser entsha ye-leser enesantya esiphezulu, i-Akin ukuya kwiipateni ezintlungwini ezingenamsebenzi.

Ukucoca kunye nokugxila:

Ukudibanisa yonke le miqolo intsha ye-laser yenziweyo ivelisa imbonakalo yemibala eyahlukeneyo (i-frequency okanye amaza), ezinye zenza i-aptosencond lar. Ukuhlulahlula ubungakanani bobukhulu obuthile kunye nezantya ezimbi, unokuqesha isihluzo esikhethekileyo, i-Akin yokukhetha i-ripples enqwenelekayo, kwaye uqeshele iglasi yokukhulisa ukuze ugxile kwindawo ethile.

I-Pump yokuPhutha (ukuba kukho imfuneko):

Ukuba ujolise ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza kwaye mfutshane, unokukhawulezisa ukusasaza kwabo usebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo, ukunciphisa ixesha ngalinye elipheleleyo. Isizukulwana sabathengisi base-Atotosekond sibandakanya ukunxibelelana okuntsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa udilikile kwaye uboniwe, kuyaqondakala ngakumbi.