Kwilixa lokuphucula imboni yolwazi lwejografi yophando kunye nokumaphu ukuze isebenze kakuhle kwaye ichaneke, ii-laser zefayibha ze-1.5 μ m ziba sisiseko sokukhula kwemarike kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili zophando lweenqwelo moya ezingenabantu kunye nophando oluphathwa ngesandla, ngenxa yokuziqhelanisa kwazo ngokunzulu neemfuno zendawo. Ngokukhula okukhulu kwezicelo ezifana nophando oluphantsi kunye novavanyo olungxamisekileyo olusebenzisa iidrone, kunye nokuphindaphinda kwezixhobo zokuskena eziphathwa ngesandla ukuze zichaneke kakhulu kwaye zithwaleke, ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi yee-laser zefayibha ze-1.5 μ m zophando budlule kwi-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2024, kunye nemfuno yezithuthi ezingenabantu kunye nezixhobo eziphathwa ngesandla ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-60% yetotali iyonke, kwaye igcina umndilili wokukhula konyaka we-8.2%. Emva kolu nyuko lwemfuno kukho i-resonance egqibeleleyo phakathi kokusebenza okwahlukileyo kwebhendi ye-1.5 μ m kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuchaneka, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo kwiimeko zophando.
1, Isishwankathelo seMveliso
I-"1.5um Fiber Laser Series" yeLumispot isebenzisa itekhnoloji yokukhulisa i-MOPA, enamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical, i-ASE ephantsi kunye nomlinganiselo wengxolo yesiphumo esingelulo ulayini, kunye nobubanzi bobushushu bokusebenza, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhupha i-laser ye-LiDAR. Kwiinkqubo zokuhlola ezifana ne-LiDAR kunye ne-LiDAR, i-laser yefayibha ye-1.5 μ m isetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya okhuphayo oyintloko, kwaye izalathisi zayo zokusebenza zimisela ngokuthe ngqo "ukuchaneka" kunye "nobubanzi" bokufumanisa. Ukusebenza kwezi milinganiselo zimbini kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwezithuthi zasemoyeni ezingenamntu ekuhlolweni komhlaba, ukuqondwa kwethagethi, ukujikeleza komgca wamandla kunye nezinye iimeko. Ngokwembono yemithetho yokudlulisa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nengqiqo yokucubungula imiqondiso, izalathisi ezintathu eziphambili zamandla aphezulu, ububanzi be-pulse, kunye nokuzinza kwe-wavelength ziinguqu eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuchaneka kokufumanisa kunye nobubanzi. Indlela yokusebenza kwazo inokuhlukaniswa kuyo yonke ikhonkco "yokufumana i-signal transmission atmospheric transmission target reflection signal".
2, Amasimi eSicelo
Kwicandelo lokuhlola nokubhala iimephu ze-aircraft ezingenamntu, imfuno yee-fiber lasers ze-1.5 μ m ikhule kakhulu ngenxa yokusombulula ngokuchanekileyo iindawo zentlungu kwimisebenzi ye-aircraft. Iqonga le-aircraft car elingenamntu linemida engqongqo kumthamo, ubunzima, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla komthwalo, ngelixa uyilo oluncinci lwesakhiwo kunye neempawu ezikhaphukhaphu ze-fiber laser ye-1.5 μ m zinokucinezela ubunzima benkqubo ye-laser radar ukuya kwisinye kwisithathu sezixhobo zemveli, zilungelelanisa ngokugqibeleleyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemodeli ze-aircraft ezingenamntu ezifana ne-multi rotor kunye nephiko elizinzileyo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, le band ikwi "golden window" yokudluliselwa kwe-atmospheric. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-905nm laser esetyenziswa rhoqo, ukuncitshiswa kwayo kokudluliselwa kuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-40% phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima ezifana nomswakama nothuli. Ngamandla aphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-kW, inokufikelela kumgama wokufumanisa ongaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-250 kwiithagethi ezinokukhanya kwe-10%, isombulula ingxaki "yokubonakala okungacacanga kunye nokulinganisa umgama" kwizithuthi ze-aircraft ezingenamntu ngexesha lophando kwiindawo zeentaba, iintlango kunye neminye imimandla. Kwangaxeshanye, iimpawu zayo ezintle zokhuseleko lwamehlo omntu - ezivumela amandla aphezulu aphindwe kalishumi kune-laser ye-905nm - zivumela iidrone ukuba zisebenze kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela ukhuseleko, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukhuseleko kunye nokuguquguquka kweendawo ezinabantu ezifana nokuhlola izixeko kunye nemephu yezolimo.
Kwicandelo lokuhlola nokubhala iimephu ngesandla, imfuno ekhulayo yee-laser zefayibha ze-1.5 μ m inxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemfuno eziphambili zokuphatheka kwesixhobo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu. Izixhobo zanamhlanje zokuhlola ngesandla kufuneka zilinganisele ukulungelelana neziganeko ezinzima kunye nokulula kokusebenza. Ukuphuma kwengxolo ephantsi kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-laser zefayibha ze-1.5 μ m zenza ukuba izikena eziphathwa ngesandla zifikelele ekuchanekeni kokulinganisa kwinqanaba le-micrometer, zihlangabezane neemfuno ezichanekileyo ezifana nokuguqulwa kwedijithali yenkcubeko kunye nokufunyanwa kwamacandelo emizi-mveliso. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-laser zemveli ze-1.064 μ m, amandla ayo okulwa nokuphazamiseka aphuculwe kakhulu kwiindawo zokukhanya ezinamandla zangaphandle. Idityaniswe neempawu zokulinganisa ezingadibaniyo, inokufumana ngokukhawuleza idatha yelifu leengongoma ezintathu kwiimeko ezifana nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo zakudala kunye neendawo zokuhlangula ezingxamisekileyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungiswa kwangaphambili. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba uyilo lwayo oluncinci lokupakisha lunokudityaniswa kwizixhobo eziphathwa ngesandla ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-500 grams, kunye nobubanzi obubanzi bobushushu obuphakathi kwe--30 ℃ ukuya kwi-+60 ℃, oluhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno zemisebenzi emininzi efana nophando lwasentsimini kunye nokuhlolwa kweeworkshop.
Ngokwembono yendima yayo ephambili, ii-laser zefayibha ze-1.5 μ m ziye zaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokutshintsha ubuchule bokuhlola. Kwi-surveying ye-aircraft engenamntu, isebenza njenge "ntliziyo" ye-laser radar, ifikelela kubuchule bokulinganisa i-centimeter ngokusebenzisa i-nanosecond pulse output, ibonelela ngedatha yelifu le-high-density point cloud yokubonisa i-terrain 3D kunye nokuchonga izinto zangaphandle ze-power line, kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlola i-aircraft engenamntu ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezithathu xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli; Kwimeko ye-land surveying yesizwe, amandla ayo okufumanisa umgama omde anokufikelela kuphando olusebenzayo lweekhilomitha ezili-10 zesikwere ngendiza, kunye neempazamo zedatha ezilawulwa ngaphakathi kweesentimitha ezi-5. Kwicandelo le-handheld surveying, inika amandla izixhobo ukuba zifezekise amava okusebenza "okuskena nokufumana": ekukhuseleni ilifa lenkcubeko, inokubamba ngokuchanekileyo iinkcukacha zomphezulu wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenkcubeko kwaye ibonelele ngeemodeli ze-3D zenqanaba le-millimeter zokugcina idatha; Kwi-reverse engineering, idatha yejometri yezinto ezintsonkothileyo inokufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, ikhawulezisa ukuphindaphinda koyilo lwemveliso; Kwi-surveying and mapping engxamisekileyo, kunye nobuchule bokucubungula idatha ngexesha langempela, imodeli enamacala amathathu yendawo echaphazelekayo inokuveliswa kwisithuba seyure enye emva kokuba kwenzeke iinyikima, izikhukula, kunye nezinye iintlekele, nto leyo enika inkxaso ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo zokuhlangula. Ukusuka kwii-surveying ezinkulu zasemoyeni ukuya kwi-scan echanekileyo yomhlaba, i-fiber laser ye-1.5 μ m iqhubela ishishini lokuhlola kwixesha elitsha "lokuchaneka okuphezulu + ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu".
3, iingenelo eziphambili
Eyona nto iphambili kuluhlu lokufumanisa ngumgama okude apho ii-photon ezikhutshwa yi-laser zinokoyisa ukuthotywa komoya kunye nokulahleka kokukhanya okujoliswe kuko, kwaye zibanjwe sisiphelo esifumanayo njengemiqondiso esebenzayo. Ezi zibonakaliso zilandelayo ze-laser yomthombo oqaqambileyo we-1.5 μ m fiber laser zilawula ngqo le nkqubo:
① Amandla aphezulu (kW): umgangatho oqhelekileyo we-3kW@3ns kunye ne-100kHz； Imveliso ephuculweyo ye-8kW@3ns kunye ne-100kHz "ngamandla okuqhuba aphambili" oluhlu lokufumanisa, amele amandla akhawulezileyo akhutshwa yi-laser ngaphakathi kwe-pulse enye, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili emisela amandla emiqondiso yomgama omde. Ekufumaneni i-drone, ii-photons kufuneka zihambe amakhulu okanye amawaka eemitha emoyeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukuncitshiswa ngenxa yokusasazeka kweRayleigh kunye nokufunxwa kwe-aerosol (nangona ibhendi ye-1.5 μ m ikwi "atmospheric window", kusekho ukuncitshiswa okungokwemvelo). Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqaqamba komphezulu wethagethi (njengomahluko kwizityalo, isinyithi, kunye namatye) nako kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwesignali. Xa amandla aphezulu enyuka, nokuba emva kokuncipha komgama omde kunye nokulahleka kokukhanya, inani lee-photon ezifikelela kwisiphelo sokufumana lisenokufikelela "kumlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo", ngaloo ndlela landisa uluhlu lokufumanisa - umzekelo, ngokunyusa amandla aphezulu e-1.5 μ m fiber laser ukusuka kwi-1kW ukuya kwi-5kW, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zomoya, uluhlu lokufumanisa lweethagethi zokubonakalisa ze-10% lunokwandiswa ukusuka kwiimitha ezingama-200 ukuya kwiimitha ezingama-350, ukusombulula ngokuthe ngqo indawo yentlungu "yokungakwazi ukulinganisa kude" kwiimeko zophando olukhulu ezifana neendawo zeentaba kunye neentlango zeedrone.
② Ububanzi bepulse (ns): buhlengahlengiswa ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10ns. Imveliso eqhelekileyo inobushushu obupheleleyo (-40~85 ℃) ububanzi bepulse temperature drift obuyi-≤ 0.5ns; ngaphezulu koko, inokufikelela kubushushu obupheleleyo (-40~85 ℃) ububanzi bepulse temperature drift obuyi-≤ 0.2ns. Esi salathisi "sisikali sexesha" sokuchaneka komgama, esibonisa ubude bepulse yelaser. Umgaqo wokubala umgama wokufumanisa idrone "umgama=(isantya sokukhanya x ixesha lokuhamba ngepulse)/2", ngoko ububanzi bepulse bumisela ngokuthe ngqo "ukuchaneka kokulinganisa ixesha". Xa ububanzi bepulse buncitshisiwe, "ubukhali bexesha" bepulse buyanda, kwaye impazamo yexesha phakathi "kwexesha lokukhupha ipulse" kunye "nexesha lokwamkela ipulse elibonisiweyo" ekupheleni kokwamkela iya kuncipha kakhulu.
③ Uzinzo lobude begagasi: ngaphakathi kwe-1pm/℃, ububanzi bomgca kubushushu obupheleleyo be-0.128nm "yi-accuracy anchor" phantsi kokuphazamiseka kwendalo, kunye noluhlu lokuguquguquka kobude begagasi lokukhupha i-laser kunye notshintsho lobushushu kunye ne-voltage. Inkqubo yokufumanisa kwi-1.5 μ m wavelength band idla ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ethi "wavelength diversity reception" okanye "interferometry" ukuphucula ukuchaneka, kwaye ukuguquguquka kobude begagasi kunokubangela ngokuthe ngqo ukuphambuka komlinganiselo - umzekelo, xa idrone isebenza kwindawo ephezulu, ubushushu be-ambient bunokunyuka ukusuka kwi--10 ℃ ukuya kwi-30 ℃. Ukuba i-coefficient yobushushu begagasi ye-1.5 μ m fiber laser yi-5pm/℃, ubude begagasi buya kutshintsha nge-200pm, kwaye impazamo yokulinganisa umgama ehambelanayo iya kunyuka nge-0.3 millimeters (ethathwe kwifomyula yokudibanisa phakathi kobude begagasi kunye nesantya sokukhanya). Ingakumbi kwi-patrol ye-powerline yesithuthi esingenamntu, iiparameter ezichanekileyo ezifana ne-wire sag kunye nomgama we-inter line kufuneka zilinganiswe. Ububanzi begagasi obungaqinisekanga bunokubangela ukuphambuka kwedatha kwaye buchaphazele uvavanyo lokhuseleko lomgca; I-laser ye-1.5 μ m esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiya ubude bomphezulu inokulawula uzinzo lwamaza ngaphakathi kwe-1pm/℃, iqinisekise ukuchaneka kokufunyanwa kwenqanaba leesentimitha nokuba utshintsho lobushushu luyenzeka.
④ Ukusebenzisana kwesalathisi: "I-balancer" phakathi kokuchaneka kunye nobubanzi kwiimeko zokwenyani zokufumanisa i-drone, apho izalathisi zingasebenzi ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa zinobudlelwane bokusebenzisana okanye obuthintelayo. Umzekelo, ukwandisa amandla aphezulu kunokwandisa uluhlu lokufumanisa, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukulawula ububanzi be-pulse ukuze kuthintelwe ukwehla kokuchaneka (ibhalansi "yamandla aphezulu + i-pulse emxinwa" kufuneka ifezekiswe ngetekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwe-pulse); Ukuphucula umgangatho we-beam kunokuphucula ngaxeshanye uluhlu kunye nokuchaneka (uxinzelelo lwe-beam lunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulinganisa okubangelwa ziindawo zokukhanya ezijikelezileyo kumgama omde). Inzuzo ye-1.5 μ m fiber laser ikwikhono layo lokufezekisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-"amandla aphezulu aphezulu (1-10 kW), ububanzi be-pulse obuncinci (1-10 ns), umgangatho we-beam ephezulu (M²<1.5), kunye nokuzinza kwe-wavelength ephezulu (<1pm/℃)" ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zokulahleka okuphantsi kwe-fiber media kunye netekhnoloji yokuguqula i-pulse. Oku kufezekisa impumelelo ephindwe kabini "yomgama omde (iimitha ezingama-300-500) + ukuchaneka okuphezulu (inqanaba leesentimitha)" ekufumaneni izithuthi zasemoyeni ezingenabantu, oku kukwayindlela ebalaseleyo yokukhuphisana ekuthatheni indawo ye-laser yendabuko ye-905nm kunye ne-1064nm ekuhlolweni kwezithuthi zasemoyeni ezingenabantu, ukuhlangulwa okungxamisekileyo kunye nezinye iimeko.
Ingenziwa ngokwezifiso
✅ Iimfuneko zokutshintsha kobushushu bokushukuma kobubanzi bepulse kunye nobubanzi bepulse
✅ Uhlobo lwemveliso kunye nesebe lemveliso
✅ Umlinganiselo wokwahlulwa kwesebe lokukhanya okubhekiselele kwireferensi
✅ Uzinzo oluphakathi lwamandla
✅ Imfuno yendawo
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-28-2025