I-Laser rangefinders, ii-LiDAR, kunye nezinye izixhobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini anamhlanje, uphando, ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nombane wabathengi. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi abaninzi baqaphela ukutenxa okubalulekileyo xa besebenza ebaleni, ngakumbi xa bejongana nezinto ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo okanye izixhobo. Oyena nobangela wale mpazamo uhlala usondelelene nokubonakala kwethagethi. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga impembelelo yokubonakalisa umgama wokulinganisa umgama kunye nokubonelela ngezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokhetho olujoliswe kuyo.
1. Yintoni iReflectivity kwaye Kutheni ichaphazela iSingqinisiso soMgama?
Ukubonakalisa imbonakalo kubhekiselele kwisakhono somphezulu sokubonisa ukukhanya kwesiganeko, ngokuqhelekileyo esibonakaliswa njengepesenti (umzekelo, udonga olumhlophe lunokubonakala malunga nama-80%, ngelixa irabha emnyama ine-5%) kuphela. Izixhobo zokulinganisa iLaser zimisela umgama ngokubala umahluko wexesha phakathi kokukhanya okukhutshiweyo kunye nokubonakalisiweyo (usebenzisa umgaqo weXesha lokubhabha). Ukuba imbonakalo yethagethi iphantsi kakhulu, inokukhokelela ku:
- Amandla oMqondiso obuthathaka: Ukuba ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kubuthathaka kakhulu, isixhobo asikwazi ukuthatha isignali esebenzayo.
- Imposiso yoMlinganiso owandisiweyo: Ngokuphazamiseka kwengxolo ephezulu, ukuchaneka kuyancipha.
- Uluhlu loMlinganiso olufutshane: Owona mgama uphezulu usebenzayo unokuhla ngaphezulu kwe-50%.
2. Ukuhlelwa kweReflectivity kunye neziCwangciso zokuKhetha iiThagethi
Ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zemathiriyeli eqhelekileyo, ekujoliswe kuko kungahlelwa kwezi ndidi zintathu zilandelayo:
① Iithagethi zokuJonga okuPhezulu (>50%)
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo: umphezulu wentsimbi ekhazimlisiweyo, izibuko, iiseramikhi ezimhlophe, ikhonkrithi enombala okhanyayo
-Izinto eziluncedo: Ukubuya komqondiso owomeleleyo, olungele umgama omde (ngaphezu kwe-500m) imilinganiselo echanekileyo
-Iimeko zeSicelo: Uvavanyo lwesakhiwo, uhlolo lwentambo yombane, ukuskena umhlaba ngedrone
- Qaphela: Ziphephe imiphezulu yesipili enokukhokelela kwimbonakalo ethile (enokuthi ibangele ulungelelwaniso lwamabala).
② Ujoliso oluPhakathi lokuReflectivity (20% -50%)
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo: iinkuni, iindlela ze-asphalt, iindonga ezimnyama zezitena, izityalo eziluhlaza
-Ukuchasa amanyathelo:
Nciphisa umgama wokulinganisa (kucetyiswa <200m).
Yenza isixhobo sibe nemowudi enovakalelo oluphezulu.
Khetha imiphezulu ye-matte (umzekelo, imathiriyeli ekhekezelayo).
③ Iithagethi zokuReflection okuPhantsi (<20%)
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo: Irabha emnyama, iimfumba zamalahle, amalaphu amnyama, imizimba yamanzi
- Imingcipheko: Iimpawu zinokulahleka okanye zichaphazeleke ziimpazamo zokutsiba.
- Izisombululo:
Sebenzisa i-retro-reflective target (iibhodi zereflector).
Lungisa i-engile ye-laser izehlo ibengaphantsi kwama-45° (ukuphucula i-diffuse reflection).
Khetha izixhobo ezisebenza kumaza e-905nm okanye i-1550nm (ukungena ngcono).
3. IziCwangciso zeMveliso eYodwa
① uMlinganiselo weThagethi oNcincisayo (umzekelo, izithuthi ezihambayo):
- Beka phambili iipleyiti zelayisensi yesithuthi (iindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu) okanye imizimba yemoto enombala okhanyayo.
-Sebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuqaphela i-echo (ukucoca imvula kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkungu).
② Unyango oluntsonkothileyo kumphezulu:
- Kwisinyithi esinombala omnyama, sebenzisa iingubo ze-matte (ezinokuphucula i-reflection kwi-30%).
-Fakela izihluzi zepolarizing phambi kweendonga zeglasi yomkhusane (ukucinezela imbonakalo ekhethekileyo).
③ Imbuyekezo yoMphazamiso kokusiNgqongileyo:
-Yenza ii-algorithms zokucinezela ukukhanya ngasemva kwiimeko zokukhanya okuqaqambileyo.
-Emvuleni okanye ekhephuni, sebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-pulse interval modulation (PIM).
4. IZikhokelo zokuTyula iParameter yeZixhobo
- Ukulungelelaniswa kwamandla: Ukwandisa amandla e-laser kwiithagethi ezisezantsi (ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemida yokhuseleko lwamehlo).
- Ukufumana i-Aperture: Yandisa i-diameter ye-lens efumanayo (ngokuphindwa kabini, inzuzo yomqondiso inyuka ngokuphindwe kane).
- I-Threshold Setting: Lungisa ngokutshintsha umqondiso we-trigger threshold (ukunqanda ukubangela ubuxoki ngenxa yengxolo).
5. IiNdlela zexesha elizayo: Ubuchwephesha boMbuyekezo obuBukrelekrele
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa umgama kwisizukulwana esilandelayo ziqala ukudityaniswa:
- Ukulawulwa kwe-Adaptive Gain Control (AGC): Ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha langempela le-photodetector sensitivity.
-Ii-Algorithms zokuQatshelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo: Ukuthelekisa iintlobo zemathiriyeli usebenzisa iimpawu ze-echo waveform.
-I-Multispectral Fusion: Ukudibanisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nedatha ye-infrared ukwenzela isigwebo esibanzi.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukulawula iimpawu zokuzibonakalisa sisakhono esingundoqo sokuphucula ukuchaneka komlinganiselo. Ngokukhetha ngokwesayensi iithagethi kunye nokuqwalasela izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, nakwiimeko ze-ultra-low reflectivity (ngaphantsi kwe-10%), ukuchaneka komlinganiselo wezinga le-millimeter kunokufezekiswa. Njengoko ubuchwephesha bembuyekezo obukrelekrele buphuhla, iisistim zokulinganisa zexesha elizayo ziya kuziqhelanisa ngakumbi "ngobuchule" kwiimeko ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda imigaqo esisiseko yokubonisa kuya kuhlala kusisakhono esibalulekileyo kwiinjineli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-04-2025