Izixhobo zokufumana umgama nge-laser, ii-LiDAR, kunye nezinye izixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini anamhlanje, uphando, ukuqhuba ngokuzimela, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi abaninzi baphawula ukuphambuka okukhulu kokulinganisa xa besebenza entsimini, ingakumbi xa besebenza ngezinto ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo okanye izinto. Unobangela wale mpazamo udla ngokunxulumene kakhulu nokukhanya kwento ekujoliswe kuyo. Eli nqaku liza kujonga impembelelo yokukhanya kwimilinganiselo yomgama kwaye libonelele ngamaqhinga asebenzayo okukhetha into ekujoliswe kuyo.
1. Yintoni iReflectivity kwaye Kutheni Ichaphazela Ukulinganisa Umgama?
Ukubonakalisa ukukhanya kubhekisa kubuchule bomphezulu bokubonakalisa ukukhanya okwenzekayo, okuhlala kubonakaliswa njengepesenti (umz., udonga olumhlophe lubonakalisa ukukhanya malunga ne-80%, ngelixa irabha emnyama ine-5%) kuphela. Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-laser zimisela umgama ngokubala umahluko wexesha phakathi kokukhanya okukhutshiweyo nokukhanyayo (kusetyenziswa umgaqo we-Time-of-Flight). Ukuba ukubonakalisa ukukhanya kwethagethi kuphantsi kakhulu, kunokukhokelela ku:
- Amandla Esignali Abuthathaka: Ukuba ukukhanya okubonisiweyo kubuthathaka kakhulu, isixhobo asinakubamba isignali esebenzayo.
- Impazamo yoKulinganisa Eyandisiweyo: Xa ingxolo iphazamiseka kakhulu, ukuchaneka kwehla.
- Uluhlu olufutshane lokulinganisa: Umgama osebenzayo ophezulu unokwehla ngaphezulu kwama-50%.
2. Ukwahlulahlula ngokuBukela kunye namaqhinga okukhetha iithagethi
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezinto eziqhelekileyo, iithagethi zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ezilandelayo:
① Iithagethi zokubonakalisa ukukhanya okuphezulu (>50%)
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo: Imiphezulu yesinyithi ekhazimlisiweyo, izibuko, iiseramikhi ezimhlophe, ikhonkrithi enemibala ekhanyayo
- Iingenelo: Ukubuya kwesignali enamandla, ifanelekile kwiindlela ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa umgama omde (ngaphezulu kwe-500m)
- Imeko zokusetyenziswa: Ukuhlola izakhiwo, ukuhlolwa kweentambo zombane, ukuskena umhlaba weedrone
- Qaphela: Ziphephe izinto ezikwisibuko ezinokukhokelela ekukhanyeni okucacileyo (okunokubangela ukungalungi kwamabala).
② Iithagethi zokubonakalisa ukukhanya okuphakathi (20%-50%)
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo: Umthi, iindlela ze-asphalt, iindonga zezitena ezimnyama, izityalo eziluhlaza
- Iindlela zokuchasana:
Nciphisa umgama wokulinganisa (kucetyiswa <200m).
Vula imo yobuntununtunu besixhobo.
Khetha iindawo ezingagqwaliyo (umz., izinto ezifakwe iqhwa).
③ Iithagethi zokubonakalisa ukukhanya okuphantsi (<20%)
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo: Irabha emnyama, iinqwaba zamalahle, amalaphu amnyama, iindawo zamanzi
- Iingozi: Iimpawu zingalahleka okanye zibe neempazamo zokutsiba.
- Izisombululo:
Sebenzisa ithagethi yokubonakalisa umva (iibhodi zokubonakalisa umva).
Lungisa i-engile ye-laser incidence ibe ngaphantsi kwe-45° (ukuphucula ukubonakaliswa kwe-diffuse).
Khetha izixhobo ezisebenza kwiiwavelengths ze-905nm okanye ze-1550nm (ukuze zingene ngcono).
3. Amaqhinga eMeko ekhethekileyo
① Umlinganiselo weDynamic Target (umz., izithuthi ezihambayo):
- Beka phambili iipleyiti zelayisensi yesithuthi (iindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu) okanye imizimba yemoto enemibala ekhanyayo.
- Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuninzi bokuqaphela i-echo (ukucoca imvula kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkungu).
② Unyango oluntsonkothileyo lomphezulu:
- Kwisinyithi esimnyama, faka izinto zokugquma ezingacwebezeliyo (ezinokuphucula ukuqaqamba kwayo ukuya kwi-30%).
- Faka izihluzi ze-polarizing phambi kweendonga zekhethini yeglasi (ukuze ucinezele ukubonakaliswa kwe-specular).
③ Imbuyekezo yokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo:
- Vumela ii-algorithms zokucinezela ukukhanya okungasemva kwiimeko zokukhanya okuqaqambileyo.
- Xa lina okanye likhephu, sebenzisa iteknoloji ye-pulse interval modulation (PIM).
4. Izikhokelo zokuLungisa iiParamitha zeZixhobo
- Uhlengahlengiso lwaMandla: Yandisa amandla elaser kwiithagethi ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphantsi (qinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemida yokhuseleko lwamehlo).
- Ukuvula i-Aperture: Yongeza ububanzi belensi efumanayo (kwindawo nganye ephinda kabini, ukwanda kwesignali kuyanda ngokuphindwe kane).
- Ukuseta uMda: Lungisa umda wesixhobo sokuqalisa isignali ngokuguquguquka (ukuthintela ukuqalisa okungachanekanga ngenxa yengxolo).
5. Iindlela Zekamva: Iteknoloji Yokuhlawulela Ukubonakalisa Ubulumko
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa umgama zesizukulwana esilandelayo ziqala ukudibana:
- Ulawulo Lokufumana Inzuzo Oluhambelanayo (AGC): Uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela lobuthathaka besixhobo sokubona iifoto.
- Ii-Algorithms ze-AI zokuQondwa kwezinto: Ukuthelekisa iintlobo zezinto kusetyenziswa iimpawu ze-echo waveform.
- I-Multispectral Fusion: Ukudibanisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nedatha ye-infrared ukuze kugwetywe ngakumbi.
Isiphelo
Ukuqonda iimpawu zokubonakalisa ukukhanya yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Ngokukhetha ngokwesayensi iithagethi kunye nokumisela izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba kwiimeko zokubonakalisa ukukhanya eziphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-10%), ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kwinqanaba le-millimeter kunokufezekiswa. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela obukrelekrele buphuhla, iinkqubo zokulinganisa zexesha elizayo ziya kuzivumelanisa "ngobuchule" ngakumbi neendawo ezintsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda imigaqo esisiseko yokubonakalisa ukukhanya kuya kuhlala kusisakhono esibalulekileyo kwiinjineli.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-04-2025