Iindlela zokufumanisa umoya
Iindlela eziphambili zokufumanisa umoya zi: indlela yokuvavanya i-radar ye-microwave, indlela yokuvavanya i-airborne okanye i-rocket, ibhaluni yokuvavanya, i-satellite remote sensing, kunye ne-LIDAR. I-microwave radar ayinakukwazi ukubona amasuntswana amancinci kuba amasuntswana athunyelwa emoyeni ngamagagasi e-millimeter okanye i-centimeter, anamaza amade kwaye awakwazi ukusebenzisana namasuntswana amancinci, ingakumbi iimolekyuli ezahlukeneyo.
Iindlela zomsindo we-airborne kunye ne-rocket zibiza kakhulu kwaye azinakubonwa ixesha elide. Nangona ixabiso leebhaluni zomsindo liphantsi, zichaphazeleka ngakumbi sisantya somoya. I-satellite remote sensing inokubona umoya wehlabathi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu isebenzisa i-radar ekwibhodi, kodwa isisombululo sendawo siphantsi kakhulu. I-Lidar isetyenziselwa ukufumana iiparameter zomoya ngokukhupha umqadi we-laser emoyeni kunye nokusebenzisa intsebenziswano (ukusasaza kunye nokufunxwa) phakathi kwee-molecule zomoya okanye ii-aerosols kunye ne-laser.
Ngenxa yendlela enamandla yokujika, ubude obufutshane (i-micron wave) kunye nobubanzi obuncinci be-pulse ye-laser, kunye novakalelo oluphezulu lwe-photodetector (ityhubhu ye-photomultiplier, i-single photon detector), i-lidar inokufikelela ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kunye nokuchonga okuphezulu kwe-spatial kunye ne-temporal resolution yeparameters zomoya. Ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu, isisombululo esiphezulu se-spatial kunye ne-temporal kunye nokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo, i-LIDAR ikhula ngokukhawuleza ekufumaneni ii-aerosols zomoya, amafu, ungcoliseko lomoya, ubushushu bomoya kunye nesantya somoya.
Iintlobo zeLidar ziboniswe kule theyibhile ilandelayo:
Iindlela zokufumanisa umoya
Iindlela eziphambili zokufumanisa umoya zi: indlela yokuvavanya i-radar ye-microwave, indlela yokuvavanya i-airborne okanye i-rocket, ibhaluni yokuvavanya, i-satellite remote sensing, kunye ne-LIDAR. I-microwave radar ayinakukwazi ukubona amasuntswana amancinci kuba amasuntswana athunyelwa emoyeni ngamagagasi e-millimeter okanye i-centimeter, anamaza amade kwaye awakwazi ukusebenzisana namasuntswana amancinci, ingakumbi iimolekyuli ezahlukeneyo.
Iindlela zomsindo we-airborne kunye ne-rocket zibiza kakhulu kwaye azinakubonwa ixesha elide. Nangona ixabiso leebhaluni zomsindo liphantsi, zichaphazeleka ngakumbi sisantya somoya. I-satellite remote sensing inokubona umoya wehlabathi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu isebenzisa i-radar ekwibhodi, kodwa isisombululo sendawo siphantsi kakhulu. I-Lidar isetyenziselwa ukufumana iiparameter zomoya ngokukhupha umqadi we-laser emoyeni kunye nokusebenzisa intsebenziswano (ukusasaza kunye nokufunxwa) phakathi kwee-molecule zomoya okanye ii-aerosols kunye ne-laser.
Ngenxa yendlela enamandla yokujika, ubude obufutshane (i-micron wave) kunye nobubanzi obuncinci be-pulse ye-laser, kunye novakalelo oluphezulu lwe-photodetector (ityhubhu ye-photomultiplier, i-single photon detector), i-lidar inokufikelela ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kunye nokuchonga okuphezulu kwe-spatial kunye ne-temporal resolution yeparameters zomoya. Ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu, isisombululo esiphezulu se-spatial kunye ne-temporal kunye nokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo, i-LIDAR ikhula ngokukhawuleza ekufumaneni ii-aerosols zomoya, amafu, ungcoliseko lomoya, ubushushu bomoya kunye nesantya somoya.
Umzobo wesicwangciso somgaqo weradar yokulinganisa ilifu
Umaleko welifu: umaleko welifu odada emoyeni; Ukukhanya okuphumayo: umqadi odibeneyo wobude obuthile; I-Echo: isignali esasazekileyo eveliswa emva kokuba ukukhutshwa kudlule kumaleko welifu; Isiseko sesipili: umphezulu olinganayo wenkqubo yeteleskopu; Into yokufumanisa: isixhobo sombane esisetyenziselwa ukufumana isignali ye-echo ebuthathaka.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-09-2023