Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza kwelaser (Ukwandiswa koKhanya ngokuPhuhlisa ukuKhanya okuVuselelwayo) kusekelwe kwinto yokukhutshwa kokukhanya okuvuselelweyo. Ngoluhlu loyilo oluchanekileyo kunye nolwakhiwo, iilaser zivelisa imiqadi ngokuhambelana okuphezulu, i-monochromaticity, kunye nokuqaqamba. IiLasers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kubuchwephesha bale mihla, kuquka kwiinkalo ezinjengonxibelelwano, amayeza, ukuvelisa, umlinganiselo, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi. Ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu kunye neempawu zokulawula ezichanekileyo zibenza babe yinxalenye ephambili yobuchwepheshe obuninzi. Ngezantsi inkcazo ecacileyo yemigaqo yokusebenza ye-lasers kunye neendlela zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lasers.
1. Ukukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo
Ukukhutshwa okukhuthazwayongowona mgaqo-siseko osemva kokuveliswa kwelaser, owacetywa kuqala nguEinstein ngo-1917. Lo mcimbi uchaza indlela iifotoni ezihambelanayo eziveliswa ngayo ngokusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya kunye nemeko echulumancisayo. Ukuqonda ngcono ukukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo, masiqale ngokukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo:
Ukukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo: Kwii-athomu, iimolekyuli, okanye ezinye iincinci ezincinci, ii-electron ziyakwazi ukufumana amandla angaphandle (njengamandla ombane okanye optical) kunye nokutshintshela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla, elibizwa ngokuba yimeko evuyayo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-electron zelizwe elinemincili azinzanga kwaye ekugqibeleni ziya kubuyela kwinqanaba eliphantsi lamandla, elaziwa ngokuba lilizwe eliphantsi, emva kwexesha elifutshane. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-electron ikhupha i-photon, ephuma ngokukhawuleza. Ezo fotoni azinamkhethe ngokwexesha, isigaba, nendlela eyalathiswa ngayo, yaye ngenxa yoko azikho kuthungelana.
Ukukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo: Isitshixo sokukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo kukuba xa i-electron yelizwe elinemincili idibana ne-photon enamandla ahambelana namandla ayo okutshintsha, i-photon inokubangela ukuba i-electron ibuyele kwimeko yomhlaba ngelixa ikhulula ifoton entsha. Ifoton entsha iyafana neyokuqala ngokubhekiselele kwifrikhwensi, isigaba, kunye nesalathiso sokusasaza, okukhokelela ekukhanyeni okuhambelanayo. Lo mcimbi ukhulisa kakhulu inani kunye namandla eefotoni kwaye yeyona ndlela iphambili yelaser.
Ingxelo Encomekayo Isiphumo sokuPhumeza okuVunyiweyo: Kuyilo lwe-lasers, inkqubo yokukhutshwa ekhuthazwayo iphindwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwaye le mpembelelo yempendulo echanekileyo inokwandisa ngokukhawuleza inani leefotoni. Ngoncedo lwe-cavity ye-resonant, ukuhambelana kweefotoni kugcinwa, kwaye ubuninzi bokukhanya kokukhanya buyanda ngokuqhubekayo.
2. Fumana Phakathi
Izuza mediumyeyona nto iphambili kwilaser emisela ukukhulisa iifotoni kunye nemveliso yelaser. Sisiseko somzimba sokukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo, kwaye iipropathi zayo zimisela ukuphindaphindwa, ubude bamaza, kunye namandla okuphuma kwelaser. Uhlobo kunye neempawu zokufumana okuphakathi zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwelaser.
Uchulumanco Mechanism: Ii-elektroni kwindawo yokuzuza kufuneka zivuyiswe ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ngumthombo wamandla wangaphandle. Le nkqubo idla ngokufezekiswa ziinkqubo zangaphandle zokubonelela ngamandla. Iindlela zokuvuselela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Ukumpompa ngoMbane: Ukonwabisa ii-electron kwindawo yokuzuza ngokufaka umsinga wombane.
Ukumpompa amehlo: Ukonwabisa okuphakathi ngomthombo wokukhanya (njengesibane esidanyazayo okanye enye i-laser).
Inkqubo yamanqanaba ombane: Ii-elektroni kwindawo yokuzuza zisasazwa kumanqanaba athile ombane. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziiinkqubo ezinamanqanaba amabinikwayeiinkqubo ezinenqanaba. Kwinkqubo elula yamanqanaba amabini, i-electron inguqu ukusuka kumhlaba ophantsi ukuya kwimeko evuyayo kwaye emva koko ibuyele kumhlaba ophantsi ngokukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo. Kwinkqubo yemigangatho emine, ii-electron zifumana utshintsho oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omandla, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu.
Iindidi zeGain Media:
IGas Gain Medium: Umzekelo, i-helium-neon (He-Ne) lasers. Imithombo yeendaba yokuzuza igesi iyaziwa ngokuphuma kwayo okuzinzile kunye nobude obusisigxina, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengemithombo yokukhanya esemgangathweni kwiilabhoratri.
Ulwelo lweGain Medium: Umzekelo, iilaser zedayi. Iimolekyuli zedayi zineepropathi ezilungileyo zokonwabisa kuwo wonke amaza obude ohlukeneyo, zizenza zilungele iilaser ezinokuqhutywa.
Ukuzuza Okuqinileyo Okuphakathi: Umzekelo, Nd(neodymium-doped yttrium aluminiyam garnet) lasers. Ezi lasers zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zinamandla, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso yokusika, ukuwelda, kunye nezicelo zonyango.
Semiconductor Gain Medium: Ngokomzekelo, izinto ze-gallium arsenide (GaAs) zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ze-optoelectronic ezifana ne-laser diodes.
3. Umngxunya weResonator
Iumgodi we-resonatorlicandelo lolwakhiwo kwi-laser esetyenziselwa ingxelo kunye nokukhulisa. Umsebenzi wayo ongundoqo kukuphucula inani leefotoni eziveliswa ngokukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo ngokubonakalisa kunye nokuzikhulisa ngaphakathi kumngxunya, ngaloo ndlela kuvelisa imveliso yelaser eyomeleleyo negxile.
Ubume beResonator Cavity: Idla ngokuba nezipili ezimbini ezihambelanayo. Esinye sisipili esibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo, esaziwa ngokuba yiisipili esingasemva, kwaye enye sisipili esibonisa ngokuyinxenye, esaziwa ngokuba yiisipili semveliso. Iifotoni zibonisa ngasemva naphambili ngaphakathi kwicavity kwaye zandiswa ngokusebenzisana ne-rein medium.
Imeko yeResonance: Uyilo lomgodi weresonator kufuneka luhlangabezane neemeko ezithile, ezinjengokuqinisekisa ukuba iifotoni zenza amaza amileyo ngaphakathi kumngxuma. Oku kufuna ubude becango ukuba bube yi-multiple of the laser wavelength. Kuphela amaza okukhanya ahlangabezana nale miqathango anokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwi-cavity.
Umqa wemveliso: Isibuko esibonakalisa ngokuyinxenye sivumela ukuba inxalenye ye-amplified light beam idlule, yenze umqadi wokuphuma kwelaser. Lo mqadi unomkhombandlela ophezulu, ukuhambelana, kunye ne-monochromaticity.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi okanye unomdla kwiilaser, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi:
Lumispot
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-18-2024