Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwetekhnoloji ye-optoelectronic, ii-semiconductor lasers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nonxibelelwano, amayeza, ukucubungula imboni, kunye ne-LiDAR, ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokulula kokuguqula. Eyona nto iphambili kule teknoloji kukukho i-gain medium, edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Isebenza njenge“umthombo wamandla"okuvumela ukukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo kunye nokuveliswa kwelaser, okumisela ilaser'ukusebenza, ubude bomda, kunye nobuchule bokusetyenziswa.
1. Yintoni i-Gain Medium?
Njengoko igama lisitsho, i-gain medium sisixhobo esibonelela ngokwandiswa kokukhanya. Xa ivuselelwa yimithombo yamandla yangaphandle (efana nokufakwa kombane okanye ukupompa kokukhanya), yandisa ukukhanya kwesiganeko ngendlela yokukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwelaser.
Kwi-semiconductor lasers, i-gain medium idla ngokwenziwa yindawo esebenzayo kwi-PN junction, apho ukwakheka kwezinto, ulwakhiwo, kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa i-doping zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iiparameter eziphambili ezifana nomsinga womda, ubude bomda wokukhupha, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neempawu zobushushu.
2. Izinto eziQhelekileyo zeGain kwiLaser zeSemiconductor
Ii-semiconductors ze-III-V zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekufumaneni i-gain materials. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:
①I-GaAs (iGallium Arsenide)
Ifanelekile kwii-laser ezikhupha kwi-850–Uluhlu lwe-980 nm, olusetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwe-optical kunye nokuprinta nge-laser.
②I-InP (Indium Phosphide)
Isetyenziselwa ukukhupha umbane kwiibhendi ze-1.3 µm kunye ne-1.55 µm, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwe-fiber-optic.
③I-InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Iimveliso zabo zinokulungiswa ukuze kufezekiswe ubude beewavelength ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyakha isiseko soyilo lwelaser olunokuguqulwa lube bubude beewavelength.
Ezi zinto zihlala zinezakhiwo ze-bandgap ngqo, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zisebenze kakuhle kakhulu kwi-electron-hole recombination kunye ne-photon emission, nto leyo efanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwi-semiconductor laser gain medium.
3. Uphuhliso lweZakhiwo zeNzuzo
Njengoko ubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa buqhubela phambili, izakhiwo ze-gain kwi-semiconductor lasers ziye zavela kwi-homojunctions zakuqala ukuya kwi-heterojunctions, kwaye zaya kwi-quantum well ephucukileyo kunye ne-quantum dot configurations.
①I-Heterojunction Gain Medium
Ngokudibanisa izixhobo ze-semiconductor kunye ne-bandgaps ezahlukeneyo, abathwali kunye nee-photons zinokuvalelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-gain kunye nokunciphisa umsinga we-threshold.
②Izakhiwo zeQuantum Well
Ngokunciphisa ubukhulu bendawo esebenzayo ukuya kwisikali se-nanometer, ii-elektroni zigcinwa zibe ziimilinganiselo ezimbini, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-radiative recombination. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho ii-laser ezine-threshold currents ezisezantsi kunye nozinzo olungcono lobushushu.
③Ulwakhiwo lweQuantum Dot
Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuzihlanganisa, kwakheka ii-nanostructures ezingenamlinganiselo, ezibonelela ngokusasazwa kwamandla abukhali. Ezi zakhiwo zibonelela ngeempawu zokufumana amandla eziphuculweyo kunye nozinzo lobude be-wavelength, nto leyo ezenza zibe yindawo ephambili yophando kwi-laser ze-semiconductor ezisebenza kakuhle kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
4. Yintoni emiselwa yiGain Medium?
①Ubude beWave yokukhupha
I-bandgap yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo imisela i-laser'ubude be-wavelength. Umzekelo, i-InGaAs ifanelekile kwiilaser ezikufutshane ne-infrared, ngelixa i-InGaN isetyenziselwa iilaser eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
②Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla
Ukuhambahamba kwezithuthi kunye namazinga okuphinda kuhlangane okungekho msebe kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-optical-to-electrical.
③Ukusebenza kobushushu
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zisabela kutshintsho lobushushu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukuthembeka kwelaser kwiindawo zoshishino nezomkhosi.
④Impendulo yoGuquguquko
I-gain medium inefuthe kwi-laser'isantya sempendulo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwizicelo zonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo.
5. Isiphelo
Kwisakhiwo esintsonkothileyo seeleser ze-semiconductor, i-gain medium ngokwenene "yintliziyo" yayo.—Ayinaxanduva nje kuphela lokuvelisa i-laser kodwa ikwachaphazela ubomi bayo, uzinzo, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto ukuya kuyilo lwesakhiwo, ukusuka ekusebenzeni kwe-macroscopic ukuya kwiinkqubo ze-microscopic, yonke impumelelo kwi-gain medium iqhubela phambili iteknoloji ye-laser ekusebenzeni okukhulu, usetyenziso olubanzi, kunye nophando olunzulu.
Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwisayensi yezinto kunye netekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci, kulindeleke ukuba i-gain medium ivelise ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukugubungela ubude obubanzi be-wavelength, kunye nezisombululo ze-laser ezikrelekrele.—ukuvula amathuba angakumbi kwezesayensi, kushishino nakuluntu.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-17-2025