Kwizicelo ze-laser zanamhlanje, umgangatho we-beam uye waba yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-laser iyonke.'Ukusika ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba le-micron ekuveliseni okanye ekufumaneni umgama omde kwi-laser ranging, umgangatho we-beam uhlala umisela impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kwesicelo.
Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye umgangatho wemitha? Ichaphazela njani ukusebenza kwelaser? Kwaye umntu angakhetha njani umgangatho wemitha ofanelekileyo ohambelana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo?
1. Yintoni Umgangatho weBeam?
Ngamafutshane, umgangatho womqadi ubhekisa kwiimpawu zokusasazeka kwendawo yomqadi welaser. Uchaza indlela umqadi onokugxila ngayo, indlela oziphatha ngayo xa ungafani, kunye nendlela amandla awo asasazwa ngayo ngokulinganayo.
Kwimeko efanelekileyo, umqadi welaser ufana nomqadi weGaussian ogqibeleleyo, onekona encinci yokuphambuka kunye nokusebenza okungcono kokugxila. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nesakhiwo somthombo, iimpawu zezinto, kunye nemiphumo yobushushu, imiqadi yelaser yehlabathi lokwenyani idla ngokuba neengxaki zokusasazeka, ukuphazamiseka, okanye ukuphazamiseka kweendlela ezininzi.—ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umgangatho wemitha.
2. Izalathi zoMgangatho weMisebe eQhelekileyo
①M² I-Factor (I-Beam Propagation Factor)
I-M² ixabiso liyiparameter ephambili esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umgangatho wemitha.
M² = 1 ibonisa umqadi ogqibeleleyo weGaussian.
M² > 1 ithetha ukuba umgangatho wemitha uyawohloka, kwaye amandla okugxila ayawohloka.
Kwizicelo zoshishino, i-M² amaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-1.5 ngokubanzi ayafuneka, ngelixa iileyiza zenqanaba lesayensi zijolise kwi-M² amaxabiso asondele kwi-1 kangangoko.
②Ukwahlukana kweMisebe
Ukwahluka kwemisebe kuchaza indlela umqadi welaser okhula ngayo njengoko usasazeka kumgama omde.
Ii-engile ezincinci zokwahlukana zithetha imisebe exineneyo ngakumbi, iindawo ezincinci zokugxila, kunye nokuchaneka okukhulu kumgama omde.
③Iprofayili yeBeam kunye noSasazo lwaMandla
Umqadi osemgangathweni ophezulu kufuneka ube neprofayili yomqadi elinganayo, efanayo eneziko elinamandla aphezulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla okucacileyo nokulawulekayo kokusika, ukumakisha, kunye nezinye iindlela zokusebenza.
3. Indlela Umgangatho weBeam Ochaphazela Ngayo Iizicelo Zehlabathi Lokwenyani
①Ukucutshungulwa ngokuchanekileyo (Ukusika/Ukuwelda/Ukumakisha):
Umgangatho womqadi umisela ubungakanani bendawo egxile kuyo kunye noxinano lwamandla, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka nokusebenza kakuhle komatshini.
②IiLaser zonyango:
Umgangatho wemitha uchaphazela indlela amandla athunyelwa ngayo ngokuchanekileyo kwizicwili kunye nendlela ukusasazwa kobushushu okulawulwa ngayo.
③Uluhlu lweLaser / iLIDAR:
Umgangatho wemitha uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uluhlu lokuchonga kunye nesisombululo sendawo.
④Unxibelelwano lwe-Optical:
Umgangatho we-beam uchaphazela ubumsulwa bemo yesignali kunye nomthamo we-bandwidth.
⑤Uphando lwezeNzululwazi:
Umgangatho wemitha uqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuzinza kokuphazamiseka okanye uvavanyo lwe-optical olungelulo olungqalileyo.
4. Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Umgangatho Wemitha
①Uyilo lweSakhiwo seLaser:
Iilaser zemowudi enye zihlala zibonelela ngomgangatho ongcono wemitha kuneeleser zemowudi ezininzi.
②Uyilo lweGain Medium kunye neResonator:
Ezi zichaphazela ukusasazwa kwendlela kunye nokuzinza kwemitha.
③Ulawulo lweMpembelelo yoBushushu:
Ukungasasazeki kakuhle kobushushu kunokukhokelela ekukhanyeni kobushushu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemitha.
④Ulwakhiwo lwePump Uniformity kunye neWaveguide:
Ukupompa okungalinganiyo okanye iziphene zesakhiwo zinokubangela ukuwohloka kobume bomqadi.
5. Indlela Yokuphucula Umgangatho Wemitha
①Lungiselela uyilo lwesixhobo:
Sebenzisa ii-waveguides zemowudi enye kunye noyilo lwe-symmetric resonator.
②Ulawulo lobushushu:
Hlanganisa izinki zobushushu ezisebenzayo okanye ukupholisa okusebenzayo ukunciphisa ukugqwetheka komqadi okubangelwa bubushushu.
③Ii-Optics zokuBumba imiqadi:
Faka ii-collimators, izihluzi zendawo, okanye ii-mode converters.
④Ulawulo lweDijithali kunye neNgxelo:
Sebenzisa ukufunyanwa kwamaza ngexesha langempela kunye ne-adaptive optics ukuze ufezekise ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo.
6. Isiphelo
Umgangatho we-beam ungaphezulu nje kwepharamitha ebonakalayo—it'yi“ikhowudi echanekileyo"yelaser'ukusebenza.
Kwizicelo zehlabathi lokwenyani, umgangatho ophezulu wemitha unokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zelaser. Kubasebenzisi abafuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuhambelana, umgangatho wemitha kufuneka ube yeyona nto iphambili abanokuyiqwalasela xa bekhetha ilaser.
Njengoko iteknoloji yelaser iqhubeka nokukhula, sinokulindela ulawulo olungcono lwemitha kwizixhobo ezincinci kunye nobuninzi bamandla aphezulu.—ukuvula indlela yamathuba amatsha kwimveliso ephucukileyo, amayeza achanekileyo, i-aerospace, nakwezinye iindawo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2025