Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-laser ziye zaba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwezemidlalo nokwakha ukuya kuphando lwezomkhosi nolwesayensi. Ezi zixhobo zilinganisa umgama ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu ngokukhupha ii-laser pulses kunye nokuhlalutya ukubonakaliswa kwazo. Ukuze siqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kubalulekile ukwahlulahlula izinto eziphambili zazo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola iindawo eziphambili ze-laser rangefinder kunye nendima yazo ekunikezeni imilinganiselo echanekileyo.
1. I-Laser Diode (i-Emitter)
Intliziyo ye-laser rangefinder nganye yi-laser diode, evelisa umqadi wokukhanya ohambelanayo osetyenziselwa ukulinganisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza kwi-spectrum ye-infrared ekufutshane (umz., i-905 nm okanye i-1550 nm wavelengths), i-diode ikhupha ii-pulses zokukhanya ezimfutshane nezigxileyo. Ukukhetha i-wavelength kulinganisela ukhuseleko (ukukhusela amehlo abantu) kunye nokusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Ii-diode ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-beam okulinganayo, okubalulekileyo ekuchanekeni komgama omde.
2. Inkqubo yeLensi yoKubona
Inkqubo yelensi ye-optical isebenza imisebenzi emibini ephambili:
- Ukuhlanganiswa: Umqadi welaser okhutshiweyo uyancitshiswa kwaye ulungelelaniswe ube ngumqadi ohambelanayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusasazeka kumgama.
- Ukugxila: Ukukhanya okubonakalayo okubuyayo, iilensi zigxila iiphoton ezisasazekileyo kwisixhobo sokubona.
Izixhobo zokufumana umgama eziphucukileyo zingabandakanya iilensi ezihlengahlengiswayo okanye amandla okusondeza ukuze zilungelelaniswe nobukhulu okanye imigama eyahlukeneyo ekujoliswe kuyo.
3. Isixhobo sokubona ifoto (iReceiver)
I-photodetector—edla ngokuba yi-avalanche photodiode (APD) okanye i-PIN diode—ibamba ii-reflective laser pulses. Ii-APD zikhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo ezikude ngenxa yokuba zinovakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukukhulisa imiqondiso ebuthathaka. Ukucoca ukukhanya okukufutshane (umz., ukukhanya kwelanga), izihluzi ze-optical bandpass zifakwe kwi-receiver, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela ubude be-wavelength ethile ye-laser efunyenweyo.
4. Ixesha lokuHamba ngeNqwelomoya (ToF)
I-time-of-flight circuitry yingqondo esemva kokubala umgama. Ilinganisa ixesha lokulibaziseka phakathi kwe-pulse ekhutshwayo kunye nokukhanya okufunyenweyo. Ekubeni ukukhanya kuhamba ngesantya esaziwayo (~3×10⁸ m/s), umgama ubalwa kusetyenziswa le fomyula:
Izibali-xesha ezikhawulezayo kakhulu (ezinezisombululo kwi-picoseconds) zibalulekile ekuchanekeni kwinqanaba le-millimeter, ingakumbi kwizicelo ezimfutshane.
5. Iyunithi yokuCwangcisa iSignali
Idatha eluhlaza evela kwi-photodetector icutshungulwa yi-microcontroller okanye i-digital signal processor (DSP). Le yunithi ihluza ingxolo, ihlawulela izinto ezingqongileyo (umz., ukuncitshiswa komoya), kwaye iguqula ukulinganiswa kwexesha kube kukufundwa komgama. Ii-algorithms eziphambili zinokusingatha ii-echoes ezininzi (umz., ukunganaki amagqabi xa kujoliswa kwisiqu somthi).
6. Umboniso kunye ne-User Interface
Uninzi lwee-rangefinders lunesikrini se-LCD okanye se-OLED ukubonisa imilinganiselo, esidla ngokwandiswa ngeendlela ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-slope, ukuskena okuqhubekayo, okanye uqhagamshelo lweBluetooth lokurekhoda idatha. Izinto ezifakwa ngumsebenzisi—amaqhosha, ii-touchscreens, okanye ii-rotary dials—zivumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa, ezifana ne-golfing, ukuzingela, okanye ukuhlola.
7. Ubonelelo ngoMbane
Ibhetri encinci etshajwayo (umz., iLi-ion) okanye iiseli ezilahlwayo zinika amandla isixhobo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kubalulekile, ingakumbi kwiimodeli eziphathwayo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zangaphandle. Ezinye izixhobo zokufumana umbane ziquka iindlela zokonga amandla ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri ngexesha lokungasebenzi.
8. Iinkqubo zeZindlu kunye nokuFaka
Le ndlu yenzelwe ukuqina kunye nokulungiswa kwe-ergonomics, idla ngokuba nezinto ezingangeni manzi okanye ezingashukumiyo (ii-IP ratings). Ukuze kudityaniswe nezinye izixhobo (umz., iikhamera, iirifle, okanye iidrones), iindlela zokufakela ezifana neesokhethi ze-tripod okanye iireli zePicatinny zingabandakanywa.
Indlela Konke Okusebenza Ngayo Kunye
1. I-laser diode ikhupha i-pulse isiya kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
2. Inkqubo ye-optical ikhokela umqadi kwaye iqokelela ukubonakaliswa.
3. Isixhobo sokubona ifoto sibamba isignali yokubuya, sihluziwe kwingxolo yemo engqongileyo.
4. Isekethe ye-ToF ibala ixesha elidlulileyo.
5. Iprosesa iguqula ixesha libe ngumgama ize ibonise isiphumo.
Isiphelo
Ukususela ekuchanekeni kwe-laser diode yayo ukuya ekuntsonkotheni kwe-algorithms yayo yokucubungula, icandelo ngalinye le-laser rangefinder lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka nokuthembeka. Nokuba ungumdlali wegalufa ogweba i-putt okanye unjineli odweba umhlaba, ukuqonda ezi zinto kunceda ekukhetheni isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-18-2025