Ukuqonda Amacandelo eLaser Rangefinder

I-Laser rangefinders ibe zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kwiinkalo ukusuka kwimidlalo kunye nokwakhiwa ukuya kuphando lomkhosi kunye nesayensi. Ezi zixhobo zilinganisa imigama ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo ngokukhupha ii-laser pulses kunye nokuhlalutya ukubonakaliswa kwazo. Ukuxabisa indlela abasebenza ngayo, kubalulekile ukucalula amacandelo abo aphambili. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iindawo eziphambili ze-laser rangefinder kunye nendima yazo ekunikezeni imilinganiselo echanekileyo.

1. I-Laser Diode (Emitter)

Embindini woluhlu ngalunye lwelaser kukho i-laser diode, evelisa ukukhanya okuhambelanayo okusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza kwi-spectrum ye-infrared ekufutshane (umzekelo, i-905 nm okanye i-1550 nm wavelengths), i-diode ikhupha i-pulses emfutshane, egxininisekile yokukhanya. Ukukhethwa kwe-wavelength ibhalansi ukhuseleko (ukukhusela amehlo omntu) kunye nokusebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Iidiode ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukuqina komqadi, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuchaneka koluhlu olude.

2. Inkqubo ye-Optical Lens  

Inkqubo ye-Optical lens isebenza kwimisebenzi emibini ephambili:

- Ukudityaniswa: Umqadi welaser okhutshiweyo uyacuthwa kwaye ulungelelaniswe kwi-parallel beam ukunciphisa ukusasazwa kumgama.

- Ukujolisa: Ukubuyisela ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo, iilensi zigxininisa kwiifotoni ezisasaziweyo kwisixhobo.

Abafundi boluhlu abakwinqanaba eliphezulu banokubandakanya iilensi ezilungelelanisiweyo okanye amandla okwandisa ukulungelelanisa ubungakanani obujoliswe kuko obahlukeneyo okanye imigama.

3. Isikhangeli sefoto (umamkeli)

I-photodetector-ehlala i-avalanche photodiode (APD) okanye i-PIN diode-ibamba i-laser pulses ebonakalisiweyo. Ii-APD zikhethwa kwizicelo ezikude ngenxa yobuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukukhulisa imiqondiso ebuthathaka. Ukuhluza ukukhanya okungaphandle (umzekelo, ukukhanya kwelanga), izihluzi ze-optical bandpass zidityanisiwe kumamkeli, ziqinisekisa kuphela ubude bobude obukhethekileyo belaser buchongiwe.

4. Ixesha le-Flight (ToF) iSekethe 

Ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya yingqondo esemva kokubala umgama. Ilinganisa ukulibaziseka kwexesha phakathi kwe-pulse ekhutshwayo kunye nomboniso ofunyenweyo. Ekubeni ukukhanya kuhamba ngesantya esaziwayo (~3×10⁸ m/s), umgama ubalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula:

Izibali-xesha ezinesantya esiphezulu (ezinezisombululo kwi-piccoseconds) zibalulekile kwimillimeter yokuchaneka kwenqanaba, ngakumbi kwizicelo zomgama omfutshane.

5. IYunithi yoLungiso lweMiqondiso

Idatha eluhlaza evela kwi-photodetector icutshungulwa yi-microcontroller okanye iprosesa yesignali yedijithali (DSP). Le yunithi ihluza ingxolo, ihlawulela iimeko zokusingqongileyo (umz., ukuthomalalisa emoyeni), kwaye iguqula imilinganiselo yexesha ibe kufundo lomgama. Ii-algorithms ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zisenokusingatha i-echoes ezininzi (umzekelo, ukungahoyi amagqabi xa kujoliswe kwisiqu somthi).

6. Umboniso kunye neNdibaniselwano yomsebenzisi 

Uninzi lwabafindi boluhlu lubonisa i-LCD okanye i-OLED ukubonisa imilinganiselo, ihlala yongezwa ngeendlela ezinje ngohlengahlengiso lwethambeka, ukuskena okuqhubekayo, okanye uqhagamshelo lweBluetooth lokuloga idatha. Igalelo lomsebenzisi-amaqhosha, izikrini zokuchukumisa, okanye ukudayela okujikelezayo-kuvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa, ezifana negalufa, ukuzingela, okanye ukukhangela.

7. Ubonelelo lwaMandla

Ibhetri edityanisiweyo egcwalisekayo (umzekelo, i-Li-ion) okanye iiseli ezilahlwayo zinika amandla isixhobo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kubalulekile, ngakumbi kwiimodeli eziphathwa ngesandla ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zangaphandle. Ezinye izifumanisi ziquka iindlela zokugcina amandla ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri ngexesha lokungasebenzi.

8. Ulwakhiwo lweZindlu kunye neeNkqubo zokuFaka

Indlu yenzelwe ukuqina kunye ne-ergonomics, ehlala inezixhobo zokungangeni manzi okanye ezothusayo (imilinganiselo ye-IP). Ukudityaniswa nezinye izixhobo (umzekelo, iikhamera, imipu, okanye iidroni), ukhetho lokuxhoma njengeesokethi ezintathu okanye ii-Picatinny rails zingabandakanywa.

Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Yonke Ngokudibeneyo

1. I-laser diode ikhupha i-pulse ekujoliswe kuyo.

2. Inkqubo ye-optical iqondisa umqadi kwaye iqokelele izibonakaliso.

3. I-photodetector ibamba isignali yokubuyisela, ihluzwe kwingxolo yendawo.

4. I-ToF circuitry ibala ixesha eligqithileyo.

5. Iprosesa iguqula ixesha kumgama kwaye ibonise umphumo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukusuka ekuchanekeni kwe-laser diode yayo ukuya kubunzulu be-algorithms yokucubungula, icandelo ngalinye le-laser rangefinder lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka nokuthembeka. Nokuba ungumdlali wegalufa ogweba i-putt okanye injineli yokwenza imephu yomhlaba, ukuqonda ezi zinto kunceda ekukhetheni isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.