Kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje kunye ne-optoelectronics, izixhobo ze-semiconductor zidlala indima engenakutshintshwa. Ukusuka kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye ne-radar yeemoto ukuya kwi-laser zezinga lemizi-mveliso, izixhobo ze-semiconductor zikho kuyo yonke indawo. Phakathi kwazo zonke iiparameter eziphambili, i-resistivity yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokuqonda nokuyila ukusebenza kwezixhobo ze-semiconductor.
1. Yintoni i-Resistivity?
Ukumelana namandla bungakanani obubonakalayo obulinganisa indlela izinto ezichasene ngayo nokuhamba kombane, okuqhele ukubonakaliswa kwi-ohm-centimeters (Ω·cm). Bubonisa "ukumelana" kwangaphakathi okufunyanwa zii-electron njengoko zihamba kwizinto. Iimetali ngokubanzi zinokumelana okuphantsi kakhulu, ii-insulators zinokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ii-semiconductors ziwela kwindawo ethile phakathi—kunye nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokumelana okuhlengahlengiswayo. Ukumelana namandla ρ=R*(L/A), apho: R kukumelana nombane, u-A yindawo enqamlezileyo yezinto, u-L bubude bezinto.
2. Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukumelana Neekhontrakthi Ze-Semiconductor
Ngokungafaniyo neentsimbi, ukumelana kwee-semiconductors akuguquki. Kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
① Uhlobo lwezinto: Izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon (Si), i-gallium arsenide (GaAs), kunye ne-indium phosphide (InP) zinexabiso elahlukileyo le-intrinsic resistivity.
② Ukufaka i-dopants: Ukungenisa i-dopants (ezifana ne-boron okanye i-phosphorus) kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo kutshintsha uxinzelelo lwe-carrier, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ukuxhathisa.
③ Ubushushu: Ukumelana ne-semiconductor kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu. Njengoko ubushushu busanda, uxinzelelo lomthwali luyanda, nto leyo edla ngokubangela ukuba ukumelana ne-semiconductor kunciphe.
④ Ulwakhiwo lwekristale kunye neziphene: Ukungafezeki kwisakhiwo sekristale—njengokudilika okanye iziphene—kunokuthintela ukuhambahamba komthwali kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazele ukuxhathisa.
3. Indlela i-Resistivity echaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwesixhobo
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ukuchasana kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, isantya sempendulo, kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza. Umzekelo:
Kwii-diode ze-laser, ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu kukhokelela ekufudumaleni okukhulu, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya kunye nobomi besixhobo.
Kwizixhobo ze-RF, ukuchasana okucwangcisiweyo kuvumela ukuhambelana kwe-impedance efanelekileyo kunye nokudluliselwa kwesignali okuphuculweyo.
Kwizixhobo zokubona ukukhanya, izixhobo zokuthintela ukukhanya ezisebenza ngamandla zidla ngokuba zibalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza okuphantsi kombane omnyama.
Ngoko ke, uyilo oluchanekileyo kunye nolawulo lokumelana nombane kubalulekile kubunjineli bezixhobo ze-semiconductor.
4. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokuxhathisa kwimizi-mveliso (Amaxabiso okubhekisa)
Uhlobo lweMpahla yoKuxhathisa (Ω·cm)
I-Intrinsic Silicon (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
I-Silicon eneedophu (uhlobo lwe-n/uhlobo lwe-p) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
I-Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (engagqumiyo kakhulu) ~ 10⁻³
I-Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²
5. Isiphelo
Ukumelana negesi kungaphezulu nje kweparameter yezinto ezibonakalayo—yinto ephambili echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo ze-semiconductor. KwiLumispot, siphucula ukumelana negesi ngokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo, iindlela ezichanekileyo zokusebenzisa i-doping, kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo olucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zethu zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle nangokuzinzileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
6. Ngathi
I-Lumispot igxile ekuphuhliseni nasekuveliseni iilaser ze-semiconductor ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nezixhobo ze-optoelectronic. Siyaqonda indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ziiparameter zezinto ezifana ne-resistivity ekusebenzeni kwemveliso. Nxibelelana nathi ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nolawulo lwe-resistivity, izixhobo ze-semiconductor ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, kunye nezisombululo zoyilo lwe-laser ezenzelwe iimfuno zakho zesicelo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-09-2025