I-Laser Designator sisixhobo esiphucukileyo esisebenzisa umqadi welaser oxineneyo kakhulu ukuchaza ithagethi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu emkhosini, ekuhloleni, nakwiindawo zoshishino, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zanamhlanje zobuchule. Ngokukhanyisa ithagethi ngomqadi welaser ochanekileyo, abaqulunqi belaser bavumela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhokelwayo ukuba zilandele kwaye zibethe ngokuchanekileyo ithagethi. Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zokuchaneka kokuhlasela, ukusetyenziswa kwabaqulunqi belaser kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokulwa kunye nokuchaneka kweeyunithi zomkhosi. Apha ngezantsi kukho intshayelelo eneenkcukacha eyandisiweyo yabaqulunqi belaser.
1. Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokusebenza
Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza kwe-laser designator kukukhupha umqadi we-laser ogxile kakhulu kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. I-laser ihlala kwi-infrared wavelength, okwenza ingabonakali emehlweni, ngaloo ndlela igcina ukufihlakeleyo kweqhinga. Umqadi okhutshwa yi-laser designator ufunyanwa zii-sensors kwiinkqubo zezixhobo ezifana neebhombu ezikhokelwa yi-laser okanye ii-missile. Ezi sensors zinokubona isignali ye-laser ebonakalisiweyo kwaye zikhokele isixhobo kwicala le-beam ukuze sibethe ithagethi.
2. Izinto eziphambili
Izinto eziphambili ze-laser designator ziquka oku kulandelayo:
- I-Laser Emitter: Eli candelo livelisa umqadi welaser ogxile kakhulu. Ii-laser designers zihlala zisebenza kubude be-near-infrared (NIR), malunga nee-nanometers ezili-1064. Olu bude be-wavelength lubonelela ngokukwazi ukungena nokubona kakuhle kumgama omde, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiingozi ezikude.
- Inkqubo yokubona: Le nkqubo igxila kwi-laser beam kwaye ilungisa indlela eyiyo. Inkqubo yokubona iqinisekisa ukuba i-laser beam ifika ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo, ithintela ukuchithwa kwamandla kwaye igcina amandla kunye nokugxila kwe-beam. Abanye abenzi be-laser baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubona ezilungelelanisiweyo, ezivumela umqhubi ukuba atshintshe ukusasazeka kunye nokuqina kwe-beam ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
- Inkqubo Yokumisela Iithagethi: Oku kudla ngokuquka izinto ezibonakalayo, iiteleskopu, okanye izixhobo ezijolise kwi-laser. Ezi nkqubo zinceda abaqhubi ukuba bajolise ngokuchanekileyo kwizinto eziza kukhethwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqadi we-laser ugxile kwithagethi. Abayili be-laser abaphambili banokubandakanya iinkqubo zozinzo ze-elektroniki ezihlawulela ukungcangcazela kwezandla okanye ukungcangcazela okubangelwa zizithuthi ezihambayo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuchaneka kokujolisa.
- Ubonelelo lwaMandla: Ubonelelo lwamandla lubonelela ngamandla afunekayo kumenzi welaser. Abamenzi belaser ngokubanzi basebenzisa iibhetri ezitshajwayo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye imithombo yamandla yangaphandle. Ubomi bebhetri yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi yexesha elide okanye kwiindlela zamandla aphezulu.
3. Izicelo
Ii-laser designators zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ezomkhosi, ezophando, kunye noshishino:
- Izicelo zoMkhosi: Abayili beLaser badlala indima engenakutshintshwa kwimisebenzi yemikhosi yanamhlanje. Basetyenziselwa imisebenzi yokuhlasela ngokuchanekileyo, bevumela iijethi zokulwa, iidrone, kunye nemikhosi yomhlaba ukuba iphawule iithagethi zotshaba. Iibhombu ezikhokelwa yiLaser, imijukujelwa (njengePaveway series), kunye neembumbulu zinokungena kwiithagethi ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zelaser ezibonelelwa ngumyili, okuvumela ukuhlasela ngokuchanekileyo kwiziseko ezibalulekileyo zotshaba okanye kwiithagethi ezihambayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli, iinkqubo ezikhokelwa ngokuchanekileyo ezidityaniswe nabayili beLaser zonyusa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlasela, zinciphisa umonakalo odibeneyo kunye nokulimala kwabantu.
- Ukuhlola nokubeka indawo: Kwizicelo zabantu abaqhelekileyo, ababonisi be-laser basetyenziselwa imisebenzi yokuhlola nokubeka indawo. Banokulinganisa nokubeka indawo kwimigama emide, benceda abahloli ukuba bafumane ngokuchanekileyo iindawo zejografi kwiindawo ezinkulu okanye ezintsonkothileyo zomhlaba. Ababonisi be-laser basetyenziswa nakwiinkqubo ze-LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) ukunceda ukuvelisa iimaphu ze-topographic ze-3D ezichanekileyo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kucwangciso lwedolophu, ubunjineli bokwakha, kunye nokuhlola izixhobo.
- Ukusetyenziswa Kwemizi-mveliso: Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye noomatshini abazisebenzelayo, abayili be-laser basebenza njengezixhobo zokuphawula ngokuchanekileyo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokugaya nokuhlanganisa ezichanekileyo. Banokuphawula indawo okanye umzila weendawo, beqinisekisa ukuba oomatshini balandela indlela emiselweyo. Indlela abayili be-laser abangadibani ngayo ibenza bafaneleke kwiindawo zemveliso ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezikhawulezayo, ezifana nokucubungula isinyithi okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ze-elektroniki.
4. Iingenelo
Abayili beLaser banikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwizicelo ezisebenzayo:
- Ukuchaneka Okuphezulu: Ulwalathiso oluphezulu kunye nokugxila komqadi welaser kuvumela ukuchaneka kakhulu kunye nokulinganisa kumgama omde. Oku kubalulekile kwimigibe yomkhosi kunye nokucutshungulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwemizi-mveliso.
- Impendulo Ekhawulezileyo: Abayili be-laser banokuphawula iithagethi ngoko nangoko, ngokusebenza okulula kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, okwenza zifaneleke ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nesenzo, ngakumbi kwiindawo zedabi eziguquguqukayo okanye ezinzima.
- Ukusithela: Ekubeni abayili be-laser bedla ngokusebenzisa ubude be-infrared, umqadi we-laser awubonakali emehlweni. Olu buchule bokusithela luthintela indawo yomqhubi ukuba ivezwe ngexesha lomsebenzi, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko weendlela zokulwa notshaba.
5. Imingeni kunye nokuNciphiswa kweMida
Nangona zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zomkhosi nezoluntu, abaqulunqi be-laser bajongene nemingeni ethile kunye nemida ekusetyenzisweni kwayo:
- Impembelelo yeMozulu: Ukusebenza kwemisebe yelaser kunokuchaphazeleka kakhulu ziimeko zemozulu. Kwinkungu, imvula, okanye ikhephu, umsebe welaser unokusasazeka, unciphe, okanye utshintshe. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza komyili wemiba okanye ukulinganisa.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ii-laser designers zifuna amandla amaninzi ukugcina amandla kunye nozinzo lwemitha, ingakumbi ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide okanye kwiindlela zamandla aphezulu. Ke ngoko, ubomi bebhetri buba yinto ethintela imisebenzi yexesha elide.
6. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo
Abayili beLaser banokwahlulwa babe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zabo zokusetyenziswa kunye noyilo:
- Ii-Laser Designators eziphathekayo: Ezi ziindlela ezincinci nezikhaphukhaphu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ngamajoni asemhlabeni. Zingaphathwa ngesandla okanye zifakwe kwizixhobo ezilula, zibonelela amajoni angaphambili ngezakhono zokuchonga iithagethi, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi ye-sniper okanye imisebenzi yokulwa encinci.
- Ii-Airborne Laser Designators: Ezi zifakwe kwiinqwelo-moya ezifana neejethi zokulwa okanye iidrone kwaye zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukutyumba iithagethi ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya emhlabeni kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlasela. Zinokuphawula iithagethi zomhlaba zisuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye zisebenze ngezixhobo ezikhokelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwiithagethi ezikude, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiithagethi zokuhlasela okanye inkxaso yemfazwe.
- Ii-Laser Designators ezifakwe kwiZithuthi/kwiinqanawa: Ezi zifakelwa kwizixhobo ezinzima ezifana nezithuthi ezixhobileyo, iitanki, okanye iinqanawa, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi emikhulu yobuchule. Zibonelela ngophawu oluchanekileyo kunye nenkxaso yokubeka izixhobo ezinkulu.
7. Iindlela zoPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yelaser, ububanzi kunye nokusebenza kwabayili belaser kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Kwixesha elizayo, abayili belaser banokubona impumelelo ebalulekileyo kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
- Imisebenzi emininzi: Abayili be-laser yexesha elizayo banokudibanisa imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo efana nokufumanisa uluhlu kunye nokuqondwa kweenjongo, ukubonelela ngenkxaso epheleleyo yokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamajoni kunye neenkqubo zezixhobo.
- Ukwenziwa kwezinto zibe lula kunye nokuthwaleka lula: Njengoko iteknoloji ikhula, izixhobo zelaser ziya kuba lula kwaye zibe ncinci, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba amajoni azithwale kwaye azisebenzise ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ephucula ukuguquguquka kwemfazwe.
- Amandla Okulwa Nokuxinana: Kwiinkundla zemfazwe zanamhlanje, abayili be-laser bajongene nosongelo lokuxinana nge-laser kunye neendlela zokulwa notshaba. Abayili be-laser bexesha elizayo baya kuxhotyiswa ngamandla okulwa nokunciphisa ukuxinana ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ze-electromagnetic.
Njengenxalenye ephambili yetekhnoloji yanamhlanje yemikhosi, abaqulunqi be-laser baya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, benegalelo ekubetheni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo ezininzi.
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Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-14-2024