Bhalisela kwiMedia yethu yeNtlalo ukuze ufumane iPosi ngokukhawuleza
Okona kubalulekileyo, ukumpompa ngelaser yinkqubo yokunika amandla okuphakathi ukuze kuphunyezwe imeko apho inokukhipha ukukhanya kwelaser. Oku ngokwesiqhelo kwenziwa ngokutofa ukukhanya okanye umsinga wombane phakathi, kuchulumancisa iiathom zayo kwaye kukhokelele ekuphumeni kokukhanya okuhambelanayo. Le nkqubo yesiseko iye yavela kakhulu ukusukela ekufikeni kweelasesi zokuqala phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20.
Ngelixa ihlala imodelwa ngokwemilinganiselo yeeequations, ukumpompa ngelaser ngokusisiseko yinkqubo yomatshini we-quantum. Ibandakanya intsebenziswano entsonkothileyo phakathi kweefotoni kunye ne-atom okanye i-molecular structure ye- gain medium. Iimodeli ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu zijonga izinto ezinje ngee-oscillations zikaRabi, ezibonelela ngokuqonda okuphangaleleyo kolu nxibelelwano.
Ukumpompa ngeLaser yinkqubo apho amandla, ngokwesiqhelo ekwimo yokukhanya okanye yangoku yombane, anikezelwe kwindlela yokuzuza yelaser ukunyusa iiathom okanye iiathom zayo ukuya kumazwe aphezulu amandla. Olu gqithiso lwamandla lubalulekile ekufezekiseni uguqulo lwabantu, indawo apho amasuntswana amaninzi anemincili kunakwimo esezantsi yamandla, okwenza ukuba eliphakathi likhulise ukukhanya ngokukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo. Inkqubo ibandakanya unxibelelwano lomyinge ontsonkothileyo, oluhlala lumodareyithwa ngeeequation zereyithi okanye ubume obuphambili bobuchwephesha bequantum. Imiba ephambili ibandakanya ukukhetha umthombo wempompo (ezifana ne-laser diode okanye izibane zokukhupha), ijometri yempompo (ukumpompa ecaleni okanye ekupheleni), kunye nokulungiswa kweempawu zokukhanya kwempompo (i-spectrum, ukuqina, umgangatho we-beam, i-polarization) ukuhambelana neemfuno ezithile zempompo. zuza medium. Ukumpompa nge-laser kubalulekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zelaser, kubandakanywa i-slid-state, i-semiconductor, kunye ne-laser yegesi, kwaye ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo nangokusebenzayo kwe-laser.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo Lasers Optically Pumped
1. IiLasers eziSolid-State ezine-Doped Insulators
· Isishwankathelo:Ezi lasers zisebenzisa i-home insulating host medium kwaye zixhomekeke ekumpompeni okubonakalayo ukunika amandla ii-ion ezisebenzayo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yi-neodymium kwi-LAG lasers.
·Uphando lwakutsha nje:Uphononongo olwenziwa ngu-A. Antipov et al. ixoxa nge-slid-state kufuphi ne-IR laser ye-spin-exchange optical pumping. Olu phando luqaqambisa ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yelaser yombuso oqinileyo, ngakumbi kwindawo ekufutshane ne-infrared, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezinje ngentelekelelo yezonyango kunye nonxibelelwano.
Ukufunda Ngakumbi:I-Solid-State ekufuphi-IR Laser ye-Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
2. IiLaser zeSemiconductor
·Ulwazi oluphangaleleyo: Ngokuqhelekileyo ukupompa umbane, iilaser ze-semiconductor nazo zingazuza kwi-optical pumping, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ukukhanya okuphezulu, njenge-Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje: Umsebenzi ka-U. Keller kwi-optical frequency cobs esuka kwi-ultrafast solid-state kunye ne-semiconductor lasers ibonelela ngengqiqo kwisizukulwana se-stable frequency cobs ukusuka kwi-diode-pumped solid-state kunye ne-lasemiconductor lasers. Olu phuculo lubalulekile kwizicelo kwi-optical frequency metrology.
Ukufunda Ngakumbi:I-Optical frequency cobs evela kwi-ultrafast solid-state kunye ne-semiconductor lasers
3. IiLaser zegesi
·Ukumpompa ngokukhanya kwiiLaser zegesi: Iindidi ezithile zeelaser zegesi, njengeelasesi zomphunga wealkali, zisebenzisa ukumpompa kwamehlo. Ezi lasers zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna imithombo yokukhanya ehambelanayo eneempawu ezithile.
Imithombo ye-Optical Pumping
Izibane zokukhupha: Ixhaphake kwii-laser-pumped lasers, izibane zokukhupha zisetyenziselwa amandla abo aphezulu kunye ne-spectrum ebanzi. YA Mandryko et al. iphuhlise imodeli yamandla yokuveliswa kokukhutshwa kwe-arc kwimidiya esebenzayo yokumpompa izibane ze-xenon zeelaser zombuso oqinileyo. Lo mzekelo unceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezibane zokumpompa i-impulse, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwelaser.
IiDiode zeLaser:Isetyenziswa kwiilaser ezipump diode, i-laser diode ibonelela ngezinto eziluncedo ezifana nokusebenza okuphezulu, ubungakanani obubambeneyo, kunye nokukwazi ukucudiswa kakuhle.
Ukufunda ngakumbi:yintoni i-laser diode?
Izibane ezikhanyayo: Izibane ezidanyazayo zinamandla, imithombo yokukhanya ebanzi eqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukumpompa iilaser eziqinileyo, ezifana nerubhi okanye iNd:YAG lasers. Banikezela ngokugqabhuka okuphezulu kokukhanya okuvuyisa i-laser medium.
Izibane zeArc: Ngokufana nezibane ezidanyazayo kodwa zenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, izibane ze-arc zibonelela ngomthombo ozinzileyo wokukhanya okukhulu. Zisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho i-laser wave (CW) eqhubekayo ifuneka.
Ii-LED (Ii-Diodes zokuKhanya): Nangona ingaqhelekanga njenge-laser diodes, ii-LED zingasetyenziselwa ukupompa ukukhanya kwizicelo ezithile zamandla aphantsi. Baluncedo ngenxa yobomi babo obude, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokufumaneka kwamaza ahlukeneyo.
Ukukhanya kwelanga: Kwezinye iiseti zovavanyo, ukukhanya kwelanga okugxininisiweyo kusetyenziswe njengomthombo wempompo yeelaser ezimpontshwa yilanga. Le ndlela idibanisa amandla elanga, iyenza ibe ngumthombo ohlaziyekayo kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo, nangona ingalawuleki kwaye incinci kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nemithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo.
IFayibha-Idityaniswe Laser Diodes: Ezi zii-laser diodes ezidityaniswe ne-optical fibers, ezihambisa ukukhanya kwempompo ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kwi-laser medium. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi kwi-fiber lasers nakwiimeko apho ukuhanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo kokukhanya kwempompo kubalulekile.
Ezinye iiLaser: Ngamanye amaxesha, i-laser enye isetyenziselwa ukumpompa enye. Umzekelo, i-frequency-double-double Nd: YAG laser ingasetyenziselwa ukumpompa ilaser yedayi. Le ndlela isoloko isetyenziswa xa i-wavelengths ethile ifunekayo kwinkqubo yokumpompa engafumaneki lula ngemithombo yokukhanya eqhelekileyo.
I-Diode-pumped solid-state laser
Umthombo waMandla wokuqala: Inkqubo iqala nge-laser diode, esebenza njengomthombo wempompo. Iilaser ze-Diode zikhethwa ngokusebenza kwazo, ubungakanani obubambeneyo, kunye nokukwazi ukukhupha ukukhanya kumaza athile.
Impompo yesibane:I-laser diode ikhupha ukukhanya okufunxwa yi-slid-state gain medium. Ubude be-laser ye-diode bulungiselelwe ukuhambelana neempawu zokufunxa zendlela yokuzuza.
I-Solid-StateFumana Phakathi
Izinto:Ukuzuza okuphakathi kwii-laser ze-DPSS ngokuqhelekileyo zizinto eziqinileyo ezifana ne-Nd: YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), okanye Yb:YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet).
Doping:Ezi zixhobo zifakwe nge-ion ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (ezifana ne-Nd okanye i-Yb), ezi zi-ion laser ezisebenzayo.
Ukufunxa amandla kunye noVuso:Xa isibane sempompo esivela kwi-laser ye-diode singena kwindawo yokuzuza, ii-ion zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zifunxa la mandla kwaye zonwabele kumazwe aphezulu amandla.
Ukuguqulwa kwabemi
Ukuzuza uguqulo lwabemi:Isitshixo kwisenzo se-laser kukuphumeza inversion yabemi kwindawo yokuzuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiyoni ezininzi zikwimeko echulumancisayo kunakwimeko ephantsi.
Ukukhutshwa okuvuselelweyo:Emva kokuba ukuguqulwa kwabemi kufezekisiwe, ukuqaliswa kwefoton ehambelana nokwahlukana kwamandla phakathi kwamazwe anomdla kunye nomhlaba kunokuvuselela i-ion enomdla ukuba ibuyele kwimeko yomhlaba, ikhuphe i-photon kwinkqubo.
iResonator yokubona
Izibuko: Indawo yokuzuza ibekwe ngaphakathi kweresonator yamehlo, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa zizibuko ezibini ekupheleni kwendawo ephakathi.
Impendulo kunye noKwandiswa: Esinye sezibuko sibonakalisa kakhulu, kwaye enye ibonakalisa ngokuyinxenye. Iifoto zixhumela ngapha nangapha phakathi kwezi zipili, zivuselela ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezininzi kwaye zikhulise ukukhanya.
Ukukhutshwa kweLaser
Ukukhanya Okuhambelanayo: Iifotoni ezikhutshwayo zihambelana, oku kuthetha ukuba zikwisigaba kwaye zinobude obufanayo.
Isiphumo: Isipili esibonakalisa ngokungaphelelanga sivumela okunye koku kukhanya ukuba kudlule, senza umqa welaser ophuma kwilaser yeDPSS.
Ukumpompa iiGeometri: Icala vs. Ukuphela kokuPompa
| Indlela yokumpompa | Inkcazo | Usetyenziso | Iingenelo | Imingeni |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukumpompa ecaleni | Isibane sempompo saziswa nge-perpendicular kwi-laser medium | Intonga okanye i-fiber lasers | Ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kokukhanya kwempompo, okufanelekileyo kwizicelo zamandla aphezulu | Non-uniform ukufumana ukuhanjiswa, umgangatho ophantsi umqadi |
| Phelisa Ukumpompa | Isibane sempompo esiqondiswe kwi-axis efanayo ne-laser beam | Iilaser zombuso oqinileyo njengeNd:YAG | Ukuhanjiswa kwenzuzo efanayo, umgangatho ophezulu we-beam | Ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo, ukuchithwa kobushushu okungenakusebenza kakuhle kwiilaser zamandla aphezulu |
IiMfuneko zokuKhanya okuPhumelelayo kweMpompo
| Imfuneko | Ukubaluleka | Impembelelo/Ibhalansi | Amanqaku awongezelelweyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spectrum Ukufaneleka | Ubude bobude kufuneka buhambelane nomthamo wokufunxa wesixhobo selaser | Uqinisekisa ukufunxwa okusebenzayo kunye noguqulo olusebenzayo lwabemi | - |
| Ukuqina | Kufuneka ibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo kwinqanaba lokuvuselela elifunekayo | Ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunokubangela umonakalo wobushushu; iphantsi kakhulu ayizukuzuza uguqulo lwabantu | - |
| Umgangatho weBeam | Ingakumbi ibaluleke kakhulu kwii-laser ezipump isiphelo | Iqinisekisa ukudibanisa okusebenzayo kwaye igalelo kumgangatho we-laser okhutshiweyo | Umgangatho ophezulu we-beam ubalulekile ekudibaneni okuchanekileyo kokukhanya kwempompo kunye nomthamo wemowudi ye-laser |
| Ipolarization | Iyimfuneko kwimidiya eneempawu ze-anisotropic | Iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa kwaye inokuchaphazela i-laser ekhutshwayo yepolarization | Imeko ethile yepolarization ingafuneka |
| Ingxolo Enzulu | Amanqanaba asezantsi engxolo abalulekile | Ukuguquguquka kokuqina kokukhanya kwempompo kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wokuphuma kwelaser kunye nokuzinza | Kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna uzinzo oluphezulu kunye nokuchaneka |
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-01-2023