Bhalisela kwiMidiya yethu yeNtlalo ukuze ufumane iPosi ekhawulezileyo
Ngokwenyani, ukupompa nge-laser yinkqubo yokunika amandla i-medium ukuze ifikelele kwimeko apho inokukhupha khona ukukhanya nge-laser. Oku kwenziwa ngokufaka ukukhanya okanye umbane kwi-medium, okubangela umdla kwiiathom zayo kwaye kukhokelela ekukhutshweni kokukhanya okudibeneyo. Le nkqubo isisiseko iguquke kakhulu ukususela ekufikeni kwe-laser yokuqala phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Nangona idla ngokumiselwa ngokwezibalo zesantya, ukupompa nge-laser ngokusisiseko yinkqubo ye-quantum mechanical. Ibandakanya ukusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwee-photons kunye nesakhiwo se-atomic okanye se-molecular se-gain medium. Iimodeli eziphambili zijonga izinto ezifana ne-Rabi oscillations, ezibonelela ngokuqonda okucacileyo kwezi ntsebenziswano.
Ukupompa nge-laser yinkqubo apho amandla, adla ngokuba ngendlela yokukhanya okanye umbane, anikezelwa kwi-laser's gain medium ukuze kunyuswe iiathom okanye iimolekyuli zayo ziye kwiimeko zamandla aphezulu. Olu dluliselo lwamandla lubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukuguqulwa kwabantu, imeko apho amasuntswana amaninzi anomdla kunakwimeko yamandla aphantsi, okuvumela i-medium ukuba ikhulise ukukhanya ngokukhupha okukhuthazwayo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo kwe-quantum, okuhlala kulandelwa ii-rate equation okanye ii-quantum mechanical frameworks eziphambili. Izinto eziphambili ziquka ukukhetha umthombo wepompo (ezifana nee-laser diodes okanye izibane zokukhupha), i-pump geometry (ukupompa ecaleni okanye ekupheleni), kunye nokwenza ngcono iimpawu zokukhanya kwepompo (i-spectrum, intensity, umgangatho we-beam, i-polarization) ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ezithile ze-gain medium. Ukupompa nge-laser kubalulekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-laser, kubandakanya i-solid-state, i-semiconductor, kunye ne-gas lasers, kwaye kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle nangokusebenzayo kwe-laser.
Iindidi zeeLaser eziPumped Optically
1. IiLaser zeSolid-State ezinee-Insulators ezifakwe i-Doped
· Isishwankathelo:Ezi laser zisebenzisa i-host medium ekhusela ubushushu ngombane kwaye zixhomekeke kwi-optical pump ukuze zinike amandla ii-ion ezisebenzayo nge-laser. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yi-neodymium kwii-laser ze-YAG.
·Uphando lwakutsha nje:Uphononongo luka-A. Antipov nabanye luxoxa nge-laser ye-solid-state near-IR yokupompa i-spin-exchange optical. Olu phando lubonisa inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe be-solid-state laser, ngakumbi kwi-spectrum ye-near-infrared, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifana nemifanekiso yezonyango kunye nonxibelelwano.
Ukufunda Okungakumbi:I-Solid-State Near-IR Laser ye-Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping
2. Iileyiza zeSemiconductor
·Ulwazi Olubanzi: Ngokwesiqhelo ii-laser ze-semiconductor zisetyenziswa ngombane, nazo zinokungenelwa kukupompa okubonakalayo, ingakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna ukukhanya okuphezulu, njengee-Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Uphuhliso Lwakutshanje: Umsebenzi ka-U. Keller kwii-optical frequency combs ezivela kwi-ultrafast solid-state kunye ne-semiconductor lasers unika ulwazi malunga nokuveliswa kwee-stable frequency combs ezivela kwi-diode-pumped solid-state kunye ne-semiconductor lasers. Olu phuculo lubalulekile kwizicelo kwi-optical frequency metrology.
Ukufunda Okungakumbi:Ii-optical frequency combs ezivela kwi-ultrafast solid-state kunye ne-semiconductor lasers
3. Iilaser zegesi
·Ukumpompa Okubonakalayo kwiiLaser zeGesi: Iindidi ezithile zeelaser zegesi, njengeeleser zomphunga we-alkali, zisebenzisa ukumpompa okubonakalayo. Ezi leers zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna imithombo yokukhanya ehambelanayo eneempawu ezithile.
Imithombo yokuPompa okubonakalayo
Izibane zokukhupha itshaja: Ixhaphakile kwiilaser ezimpompelwe zizibane, izibane ezikhuphayo zisetyenziselwa amandla azo aphezulu kunye ne-spectrum ebanzi. U-YA Mandryko nabanye baphuhlise imodeli yamandla yokuvelisa i-impulse arc discharge kwi-active media optical pumping xenon lamps ze-solid-state lasers. Le modeli inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezibane ezikhuphayo ze-impulse, ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwelaser.
IiDiode zeLaser:Ii-laser diode zisetyenziswa kwi-laser ezifakwe i-diode, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokukwazi ukulungiswa kakuhle.
Ukufunda okungakumbi:yintoni i-laser diode?
Izibane zeFlash: Izibane zeFlash zizibane ezibukhali nezibanzi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekupompeni ii-laser eziqinileyo, ezifana nee-laser ze-ruby okanye ze-Nd:YAG. Zibonelela ngokukhanya okuphezulu okuchukumisa i-laser medium.
Izibane ze-Arc: Njengezibane ezikhanyayo kodwa zenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, izibane ze-arc zibonelela ngomthombo ozinzileyo wokukhanya okunamandla. Zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho kufuneka khona ukusebenza nge-laser ye-continuous wave (CW).
Ii-LED (iiDiode ezikhupha ukukhanya)Nangona zingaqhelekanga njengee-laser diodes, ii-LED zingasetyenziselwa ukupompa nge-optical kwizicelo ezithile zamandla aphantsi. Ziluncedo ngenxa yokuba zihlala ixesha elide, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokufumaneka kwazo kwiiwavelengths ezahlukeneyo.
Ukukhanya kwelanga: Kwezinye iindlela zovavanyo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuxineneyo kusetyenziswe njengomthombo wepompo kwiilaser ezimpontshwe lilanga. Le ndlela isebenzisa amandla elanga, iyenza ibe ngumthombo ohlaziyekayo nongabizi kakhulu, nangona ingalawuleki kwaye ingabi namandla kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nemithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo.
IiDiode zeLaser eziDityaniswe neFiber: Ezi zii-laser diodes ezidityaniswe nee-optical fibers, ezihambisa ukukhanya kwepompo ngokufanelekileyo kwi-laser medium. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi kwi-fiber lasers nakwiimeko apho ukuhanjiswa ngokuchanekileyo kokukhanya kwepompo kubalulekile.
Ezinye iiLaser: Ngamanye amaxesha, ilaser enye isetyenziselwa ukupompa enye. Umzekelo, ilaser ye-Nd: YAG ephindwe kabini ingasetyenziselwa ukupompa ilaser yedayi. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa xa kufuneka ubude be-wavelengths ethile kwinkqubo yokupompa engenakufezekiswa lula ngemithombo yokukhanya eqhelekileyo.
I-laser yesimo esiqinileyo epompelwe yi-diode
Umthombo Wamandla Okuqala: Inkqubo iqala nge-diode laser, esebenza njengomthombo wepompo. Ii-diode lasers zikhethwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukukhupha ukukhanya kwii-wavelengths ezithile.
Isibane sePompo:I-diode laser ikhupha ukukhanya okufunxwa yi-solid-state gain medium. Ububanzi be-diode laser bulungiselelwe ukuhambelana neempawu zokufunxwa kwe-gain medium.
Imeko EqinileyoFumana iPhakathi
Izixhobo:I-gain medium kwi-laser ze-DPSS idla ngokuba yi-solid-state material efana ne-Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), i-Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), okanye i-Yb:YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet).
Unyango lweziyobisi:Ezi zinto zixutywe nee-ions ze-rare-earth (ezifana ne-Nd okanye i-Yb), ezizii-ions ze-laser ezisebenzayo.
Ukufunxwa kwamandla kunye novuyo:Xa ukukhanya kwepompo evela kwi-diode laser kungena kwi-gain medium, ii-ion ze-rare-earth zifunxa la mandla kwaye zivuselelwe kumandla aphezulu.
Ukuguqulwa Kwabemi
Ukufezekisa Utshintsho Lwabemi:Eyona nto iphambili kwisenzo selaser kukufikelela kwi-population inversion kwi-gain medium. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-ion ezininzi zikwimeko yovuyo kunakwimeko yomhlaba.
Ukukhupha Umoya Okukhuthazwayo:Nje ukuba uguquko lwabemi lufezekiswe, ukungeniswa kwe-photon ehambelana nomahluko wamandla phakathi kweemeko ezivuselelweyo kunye nezisemhlabeni kunokukhuthaza ii-ion ezivuselelweyo ukuba zibuyele kwimeko yomhlaba, zikhuphe i-photon kwinkqubo.
I-Optical Resonator
Izibuko: I-gain medium ifakwa ngaphakathi kwi-optical resonator, edla ngokwenziwa zizibuko ezibini kwicala ngalinye le-medium.
Impendulo kunye nokwandisa ukukhanya: Esinye sezipili sibonakalisa ukukhanya kakhulu, esinye sibonakalisa ukukhanya kancinci. Iifotoni ziphinda-phinda phakathi kwezi zipili, zivuselela ukukhutshwa kokukhanya okungakumbi kwaye zikhulise ukukhanya.
Ukukhutshwa kweLaser
Ukukhanya Okuhambelanayo: Iiphoton ezikhutshwayo zihambelana, oko kuthetha ukuba zikwisigaba kwaye zinobude obufanayo.
Isiphumo: Isibuko esikhanyayo kancinci sivumela ukuba ezinye zezi zikhanyiso zidlule, zenze umqadi welaser ophuma kwilaser yeDPSS.
Iijometri zokuPompa: UkuPompa ecaleni vs. Ukuphela
| Indlela yokupompa | Inkcazo | Izicelo | Iingenelo | Imingeni |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukumpompa ecaleni | Isibane sepompo singeniswe ngokuthe nkqo kwi-laser medium | I-laser yentonga okanye yefayibha | Ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwesibane sepompo, esifanelekileyo kwizicelo zamandla aphezulu | Ukusasazwa kwenzuzo engalinganiyo, umgangatho wemitha ephantsi |
| Ukuphelisa ukupompa | Isibane sepompo esiqondiswe kwicala elifanayo nelaser beam | Iileyiza ze-Solid-state ezifana ne-Nd:YAG | Ukusasazwa kwenzuzo efanayo, umgangatho ophezulu wemitha | Ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo, ukusasazwa kobushushu okungeyongozi kakuhle kwiileser ezinamandla aphezulu |
Iimfuneko zokukhanya kwepompo okusebenzayo
| Imfuneko | Ukubaluleka | Impembelelo/Ibhalansi | Amanqaku Ongezelelweyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukufaneleka kweSpectrum | Ubude bamaza kufuneka buhambelane nobubanzi bokufunxa be-laser medium | Iqinisekisa ukufunxwa okusebenzayo kunye nokuguqulwa okusebenzayo koluntu | - |
| Ubunzulu | Kufuneka iphakame ngokwaneleyo ukuze ifikelele kwinqanaba elifunekayo lokuvusela | Ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu bunokubangela umonakalo kubushushu; ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu abuyi kufezekisa ukuguquka kobuninzi babantu | - |
| Umgangatho weBeam | Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-laser ezifakwe emphethweni | Iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo kwaye inegalelo kumgangatho we-laser beam ekhutshwayo | Umgangatho ophezulu wemitha ubalulekile ukuze kuhambelane ngokuchanekileyo ukukhanya kwepompo kunye nomthamo wendlela yelaser |
| Ukwahlulahlula | Iyimfuneko kwimidiya eneempawu ze-anisotropic | Iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa kwaye inokuchaphazela ukubola kokukhanya kwelaser okukhutshiweyo | Imeko ethile yokwahlulwahlulwa kwebala ingafuneka |
| Ingxolo Yokuqina | Amanqanaba engxolo aphantsi abalulekile | Ukuguquguquka kokukhanya kwepompo kunokuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nozinzo lwemveliso yelaser | Kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna uzinzo oluphezulu kunye nokuchaneka |
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-01-2023