Bhalisela kwiMidiya yethu yeNtlalo ukuze ufumane iPosi ekhawulezileyo
Olu ngcelele lujolise ekunikeni abafundi ukuqonda okunzulu nokuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yeTime of Flight (TOF). Umxholo ugubungela isishwankathelo esibanzi seenkqubo ze-TOF, kubandakanya neenkcazo ezineenkcukacha ze-TOF engathanga ngqo (iTOF) kunye ne-TOF ethe ngqo (dTOF). La macandelo agxila kwiiparameter zenkqubo, izibonelelo kunye nokungalungi kwazo, kunye nee-algorithms ezahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku likwahlola izinto ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo ze-TOF, ezifana nee-Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), iilensi zokudlulisa kunye nokwamkela, izinzwa zokwamkela ezifana ne-CIS, i-APD, i-SPAD, i-SiPM, kunye neesekethe zomqhubi ezifana nee-ASIC.
Intshayelelo kwi-TOF (Ixesha lokuHamba ngenqwelomoya)
Imigaqo esisiseko
I-TOF, emele iXesha lokuHamba ngeNqanaba, yindlela esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umgama ngokubala ixesha elithathwayo ukuze ukukhanya kuhambe umgama othile kwi-medium. Lo mgaqo usetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimeko ze-TOF ezibonakalayo kwaye ulula kakhulu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya umthombo wokukhanya okhupha umsebe wokukhanya, kunye nexesha lokukhupha elirekhodwayo. Olu kukhanya emva koko lubonakalisa kwithagethi, lubanjwe yisamkeli, kwaye ixesha lokwamkela liyaphawulwa. Umahluko kula maxesha, ochazwe njengo-t, umisela umgama (d = isantya sokukhanya (c) × t / 2).
Iintlobo zeeToF Sensors
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-ToF sensors: i-optical kunye ne-electromagnetic. Ii-Optical ToF sensors, eziqheleke kakhulu, zisebenzisa ii-light pulses, eziqheleke kwi-infrared range, ukulinganisa umgama. Ezi pulses zikhutshwa kwi-sensor, zibonise into ethile, kwaye zibuyela kwi-sensor, apho ixesha lokuhamba lilinganiswa kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukubala umgama. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-electromagnetic ToF sensors zisebenzisa amaza e-electromagnetic, njenge-radar okanye i-lidar, ukulinganisa umgama. Zisebenza ngomgaqo ofanayo kodwa zisebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokulinganisa umgama.umlinganiselo womgama.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-ToF Sensors
Izinzwa zeToF zinokuguquguquka kwaye zihlanganiswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo:
Iirobhothi:Isetyenziselwa ukubona izithintelo kunye nokuhambahamba. Umzekelo, iirobhothi ezifana neRoomba kunye neBoston Dynamics' Atlas zisebenzisa iikhamera zobunzulu beToF ukwenza imaphu yeendawo ezibangqongileyo kunye nokucwangcisa iintshukumo.
Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko:Izinzwa zokuhamba eziqhelekileyo zokubona abantu abangenayo, ukuqalisa ii-alamu, okanye ukuvuselela iinkqubo zekhamera.
Ishishini leeMoto:Ifakwe kwiinkqubo zokuncedisa umqhubi zokulawula ukuhamba ngenqanawa ngendlela eguquguqukayo kunye nokuphepha ukungqubana, nto leyo eya ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimodeli ezintsha zezithuthi.
Isebe lezonyango: Isebenza kwimifanekiso kunye nokuxilongwa okungangenisi ntsholongwane, njenge-optical coherence tomography (OCT), ivelisa imifanekiso yezicubu ezinesisombululo esiphezulu.
Izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi: Idityaniswe kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iitablethi, kunye neelaptops ukuze kusetyenziswe izinto ezifana nokuqaphela ubuso, ukuqinisekiswa kwebhayomethrikhi, kunye nokuqaphela imiqondiso.
Iidroni:Isetyenziselwa ukuhambahamba, ukuphepha ukungqubana, kunye nokujongana neenkxalabo zabucala kunye neenqwelomoya
Uyilo lweNkqubo ye-TOF
Inkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-TOF inamacandelo aliqela abalulekileyo ukufezekisa umlinganiselo womgama njengoko kuchaziwe:
· Umthumeli (Tx):Oku kuquka umthombo wokukhanya we-laser, ingakumbiI-VCSEL, isekethe yomqhubi i-ASIC yokuqhuba i-laser, kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo zokulawula imisebe ezifana neelensi ze-collimating okanye izinto ezibonakalayo ezisasazekayo, kunye nezihluzi.
· Umamkeli (Rx):Oku kuquka iilensi kunye nezihluzi kwicala lokwamkela, izinzwa ezifana neCIS, SPAD, okanye iSiPM kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yeTOF, kunye neProsesa yeSignali yoMfanekiso (ISP) yokucubungula idatha eninzi evela kwitshiphu yokwamkela.
·Ulawulo lwaMandla:Ulawulo oluzinzileyoUlawulo lwangoku lwee-VCSEL kunye ne-voltage ephezulu yee-SPAD lubalulekile, lufuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lwamandla.
· Umaleko weSoftware:Oku kuquka i-firmware, i-SDK, i-OS, kunye nomgangatho wesicelo.
Uyilo lubonisa indlela umqadi welaser, ovela kwiVCSEL kwaye uguqulwe ziinxalenye ze-optical, ohamba ngayo esibhakabhakeni, ubonakalisa into, kwaye ubuyela kwi-receiver. Ukubalwa kwexesha elidlulayo kule nkqubo kubonisa ulwazi lomgama okanye ubunzulu. Nangona kunjalo, olu yilo alugubungeli iindlela zengxolo, ezifana nengxolo ebangelwa lilanga okanye ingxolo yeendlela ezininzi evela kwi-reflections, eziza kuxoxwa ngazo kamva kolu ngcelele.
Ulwahlulo lweeNkqubo zeTOF
Iinkqubo ze-TOF zihlulwe ngokuyintloko ngokweendlela zazo zokulinganisa umgama: i-TOF ethe ngqo (dTOF) kunye ne-TOF engathanga ngqo (iTOF), nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zehardware kunye ne-algorithmic. Olu luhlu luqala ngokuchaza imigaqo yazo ngaphambi kokuba luhlolisise uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lweenzuzo zazo, imingeni, kunye neeparameter zenkqubo.
Nangona umgaqo we-TOF ubonakala ulula – ukukhupha i-pulse yokukhanya kunye nokubona ukubuyela kwayo ukuze kubalwe umgama – ubunzima buxhomekeke ekwahlukaniseni ukukhanya okubuyayo ekukhanyeni okungqongileyo. Oku kulungiswa ngokukhupha ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kufikelelwe kumlinganiselo ophezulu wesignali-kwingxolo kunye nokukhetha ubude be-wavelengths obufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya okusingqongileyo. Enye indlela kukufaka ikhowudi yokukhanya okukhutshiweyo ukuze kwahlulwe xa kubuyiswa, njengemiqondiso ye-SOS enethotshi.
Olu ngcelele luqhubeka nokuthelekisa i-dTOF kunye ne-iTOF, luxoxa ngomahluko wazo, iingenelo kunye nemingeni ngokweenkcukacha, kwaye luhlela iinkqubo ze-TOF ngokweenkcukacha zolwazi ezilunikayo, ukusuka kwi-1D TOF ukuya kwi-3D TOF.
i-dTOF
I-Direct TOF ilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokubhabha kwe-photon. Icandelo layo eliphambili, i-Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), inovakalelo ngokwaneleyo lokufumanisa ii-photon ezingatshatanga. I-dTOF isebenzisa i-Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) ukulinganisa ixesha lokufika kwe-photon, yakha i-histogram yokufumanisa umgama onokwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwi-frequency ephezulu yomahluko othile wexesha.
iTOF
I-TOF engangqalanga ibala ixesha lokubhabha ngokusekelwe kumahluko wesigaba phakathi kwe-waveforms ezikhutshwayo kunye ne-received waveforms, ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-continuous wave okanye i-pulse modulation signals. I-iTOF ingasebenzisa uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwe-image sensor, ilinganisa ubukhali bokukhanya ngokuhamba kwexesha.
I-iTOF yahlulwe kwakhona kwi-continuous wave modulation (CW-iTOF) kunye ne-pulse modulation (Pulsed-iTOF). I-CW-iTOF ilinganisa i-phase shift phakathi kwamaza e-sinusoidal akhutshwayo kunye nawamkelweyo, ngelixa i-Pulsed-iTOF ibala i-phase shift isebenzisa imiqondiso ye-square wave.
Ukufunda Okungakumbi:
- I-Wikipedia. (nd). Ixesha lokubhabha. Ithathwe kwihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
- Iqela lezisombululo zeSony Semiconductor. (nd). ToF (Ixesha lokubhabha) | Itekhnoloji eqhelekileyo yeeSensors zeMifanekiso. Ithathwe kwihttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
- IMicrosoft. (2021, nge-4 kaFebruwari). Intshayelelo kwiMicrosoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Iqonga le-Azure Depth. Ithathwe kwihttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
- ESCATEC. (2023, Matshi 2). IiSensors zeXesha lokuHamba (TOF): Isishwankathelo esiNzulu kunye nezicelo. Ithathwe kwihttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications
Kwiphepha lewebhuhttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/
ngumbhali: uChao Guang
Isikhanyeli:
Sivakalisa ukuba eminye yemifanekiso eboniswe kwiwebhusayithi yethu iqokelelwe kwi-Intanethi nakwiWikipedia, ngenjongo yokukhuthaza imfundo nokwabelana ngolwazi. Siyawahlonipha amalungelo obunini bobuchwephesha babo bonke abadali. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi mifanekiso akujoliswanga kwinzuzo yorhwebo.
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba naluphi na umxholo osetyenzisiweyo uphula ilungelo lakho lokushicilela, nceda unxibelelane nathi. Sizimisele kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo, kuquka ukususa imifanekiso okanye ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho nemigaqo yepropathi yengqondo. Injongo yethu kukugcina iqonga elinomxholo otyebileyo, elifanelekileyo, nelihlonipha amalungelo epropathi yengqondo yabanye.
Nceda unxibelelane nathi kule dilesi ye-imeyile ilandelayo:sales@lumispot.cnSizibophelela ekuthatheni amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa sifumana nasiphi na isaziso kwaye siqinisekisa intsebenziswano eyi-100% ekusombululeni naziphi na iingxaki ezinjalo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-18-2023